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BIRDS-EYE   VIEW    OF   HELENA. 


CITY    Op 


Its  Past,  Present  and  Future. 


BY  A.    W.    LYMAN. 

Helena,  the  capital  city  of  Montana  and  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  County,  is  situated  near  the  geographical  centre  of  the 
State,  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  main  range  of  the  Eocky  Mountains.  Like  most  cities  of  destiny,  its  location 
was  a  matter  of  accident.  Originally  a  mining  settlement  along  the  fringes  of  Last  Chance  Gulch,  the  early  settlers 
believed  that  it  would  prove  a  transitory  camp  and  pass  away  with  the  exhaustion  of  the  golden  treasures  washed  down 
the  mountain  streams  into  the  Gulch;  but  that  was  not  to  be.  After  the  twenty  millions  of  dollars  in  gold  had  been 
mined  and  carried  away  the  camp  still  remained.  It  had  gained  a  foothold  as  the  distributing  point  for  a  vast  region 
of  country.  Here  were  established  the  banks  which  handled  the  money  for  nearly  the  entire  territory,  and  it  was  not 
long  before  everybody  saw  that  here  for  all  time  was  to  be  the  central  metropolis  of  this  Northwestern  empire.  The 
coming  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  removed  the  last  lingering  doubt  as  to  the  permanent  character  of  Helena, 
and  since  the  advent  of  that  road,  seven  years  ago,  Helena  has  been  steadily  putting  off  the  habiliments  of  the  mining 
camp  and  putting  on  the  garments  of  a  metropolitan  town.  The  visitor  to  Helena  can  still  see  traces  of  the  old  min- 
ing life,  but  they  are  only  traces  and  leave  little  impress  on  the  character  of  the  town.  Here  and  there  are  seen  the 
rude  cabins  of  the  miners,  but  they  are  fast  disappearing  before  the  march  of  progress,  and  their  sites  will  soon  be 
entirely  covered  by  great  commercial  structures.  The  traveler  who  arrives  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway  and 
alights  at  the  station  down  in  the  valley,  which  the  foresight  of  that  corporation  selected  as  the  point  toward  which 
the  city  must  inevitably  grow,  gets  rather  an  unfavorable  first  impression  of  the  place.  He  sees  big  stretches  of  gravel 

3 


Statement  of  Condition  of  the 

MERCHANTS  NATIONAL  BANK, 

Helena,  Montana,  at  Close  of  Business,  Feb.  26,1891. 


ASSETS. 

Loans  and  discounts,       ....         $1,446,241  32  CASH  RESOURCES. 

Real  estate,  furniture  and  fixtures,      .         .  20,746  96     Due  from  banks,  (Eastern  exchange),         .         $323,357  12 

United  States  bonds  and  premiums,        .  177,268  02     Cash  on  hand, 158,766  35 

Other  bonds  and  warrants,  .         .         .  40,215  36      Du<?  from  U.  S.  Treasury,  .         .         .  2,502  00 

Total, .          $2,169,097  13 

LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock  paid  in,      ...  $  350,000  00     Dividends  unpaid,  .  .         .  180  00 

Surphisfund, 61,00000     Circulation,  ......         50,04000 

Undivided  profits 43,093  90     Deposits,  ....  1,664,783  23 

Total,  $2,169,097  13 

State  of  Montana,  County  of  Lewis  and  Clarke — SS. 

I,  Aaron  Hershfield,  cashier  of  the  above  named  bank,  do  solemnly  swear  that  the  above  statement  is  true  to  the 
best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief.  AARON  HEHSHFIELD,  Cashier. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  7th  day  of  March,  1891.  JOSEPH  W.  CHIVERS,  Notary  Public. 

{L.  H.  HERSHFIELD, 
A.  K.  PRESCOTT,  Directors. 

J.  SWITZER, 


beds  and  furrowed  ground  dug  up  in  the  eager  search  for  gold,  but  which  are  now  platted  into  city  lots,  soon  to  be 
covered  with  stores  and  warehouses  and  factories  of  the  wholesale  and  manufacturing  section  of  the  city. 

A  short  drive  up  the  gulch,  however,  and  the  turn  of  a  sharp   corner,  is  a  revelation  to   the  visitor. 

Beginning  at  Sixth  Avenue  and  extending  for  half  a  mile  toward  the  base  of  the  mountains,  is  one  almost  un- 
broken line  of  substantial  or  elegant  business  structiires.  At  the  corner  of  Main  street  and  Sixth  Avenue  the  first 
building  to  strike  the  eye  is  the  Power  Block,  one  of  the  finest  business  buildings  in  the  entire  West.  It  is  built 
entirely  of  Montana  granite,  quarried  about  three  miles  from  the  city,  and  is  seven  stories  in  height.  A  little  further 
along  are  the  Bailey  Block,  a  handsome  and  solid  brick  structure  five  stories  in  height,  and  the  Gold  Block,  the  present 
headquarters  of  the  Montana  Club,  while  a  stone's  throw  further  up  the  street  looms  up  the  beautiful  five-story  Gran- 
ite Block,  another  edifice  with  a  front  of  the  beautiful  Montana  building  stone.  On  the  left  side  of  the  street  is  the 
First  National  Bank  Building,  of  granite  and  red  sandstone,  the  first  of  the  bank  buildings  in  the  city  of  modern  ar- 
chitecture and  construction.  Both  within  and  without  it  is  a  model  building  for  the  purpose.  Diagonally  across  from 
the  First  National  is  the  new  Merchants  National  Bank  building,  a  substantial  four-story  structure  of  graiiite,  pressed 
brick  and  terra-cotta,  and  on  the  opposite  corner  the  granite  and  pressed  brick  building  just  completed  by  the  Mon- 
tana National  Bank.  Other  buildings  on  this  thoroughfare  that  attract  attention  for  their  solid  construction  and  ar- 
chitectural appearance  are  the  Pittsburgh  and  Thompson  Buildings,  the  Atlas  Block,  the  Gans  &  Klein  Building,  and 
the  Iron  Front  Building. 

But  the  fine  buildings  are  not  restricted  to  Main  street.  One  of  the  first  objects  the  traveler  sees  in  driving  up 
from  the  station  is  the  Lewis  and  Clarke  County  Court  House,  standing  on  an  eminence  at  the  crest  of  Broadway,  two 
blocks  east  of  Main  street.  The  graceful  architecture  of  this  building  has  been  much  admired,  and  it  is  generally  ad- 
mitted to  be  one  of  the  finest  buildings  for  the  purpose  in  the  United  States.  The  material  used  in  its  construction  is 
Montana  granite  and  Lake  Superior  sandstone.  The  building  is  occupied  by  the  Governor  and  State  officers,  the 
United  States,  State  and  District  Courts  and  the  County  officers.  Between  the  Court  House  and  Main  street,  on 
Broadway,  is  the  newly  remodeled  Merchants  Hotel,  one  of  the  best  hostelries  in  the  West.  It  is  five  stories  in  height 
beautifully  furnished  and  contains  all  the  luxuries  and  necessaries  of  a  first-class  house.  On  Grand  street,  two  blocks 
to  the  north,  is  the  Hotel  Helena,  which  was  completed  about  one  year  ago  and  has  already  gained  an  enviable  repu- 


tation  with  the  traveling  public  as  second  to  no  hotel  in  the  country.  It  is  a  handsome  pressed  brick  building,  five 
stories  high,  and  in  every  appointment  it  is  strictly  first-class. 

Indeed,  Helena  is  well  supplied  with  accommodations  for  the  traveling  public.  Besides  the  hotels  mentioned,  the 
Grand  Central,  the  Cosmopolitan  and  International  are  old  and  well-known  stopping  places,  and  scattered  throughout 
the  city  are  smaller  hotels  which  furnish  excellent  accommodations. 

One  of  the  most  pleasing  sights  to  the  visitor,  and  a  source  of  great  pride  to  the  citizens  of  Helena,  is  the  Pub- 
lic School  buildings.  On  the  east  side  of  the  city,  on  a  conspicuous  elevation,  rises  the  new  High  School  building,  a 
beautiful  stone  edifice,  which  will  cost  when  completed  about  one  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Near  it  stands  the  pres- 
ent substantial  but  outgrown  High  School  building,  which  is  still  in  use  and  will  be  occupied  by  the  lower  grade 
schools  another  year.  The  two  buildings  standing  in  contrast  make  a  striking  exhibit  of  the  city's  growth.  On  the 
west  side  of  the  city  is  another  handsome  school  building  of  brick,  which  is  to  be  enlarged  the  present  season  to  meet 
the  rapid  growth  of  the  schools,  and  far  out  in  the  valley  to  the  northwest  the  foundations  of  another  beautiful  building 
are  being  laid.  In  all  about  two  hundred  thousand  dollars  will  be  spent  on  school  buildings  in  Helena  in  the  next  year. 

The  schools,  in  their  management  and  discipline  keep  pace  with  the  buildings,  and  are  not  surpassed  in  excel- 
lence by  the  schools  of  Eastern  cities.  The  course  of  study  pursued  includes  everything  taught  in  the  best  grade  of 
schools.  Forty-two  teachers  are  employed  and  the  salary  roll  amounts  to  about  thirty  thousand  dollars.  About  seven- 
teen hundred  pupils  are  enrolled.  As  an  adjunct  to  the  school  system,  the  Public  Library  is  worthy  of  note.  This  in- 
stitution is  supported  by  a  tax  levy  of  three-tenths  mills,  which  furnishos  a  steadily  increasing  fund  for  the  purpose 
of  purchasing  new  books.  The  library  rooms  are  large  and  pleasant,  and  are  well  patronized  by  all  classes  of  readers. 

Helena  is  provided  with  thirteen  well  organized  Church  associations.  The  Methodists  have  erected  within  the 
past  two  years  a  handsome  stone  Church,  the  Hebrews  have  just  completed  a  new  Synagogue,  which  is  a  handsome  and 
solid  building  on  the  east  side  of  town,  while  the  Congregationalists,  Christians,  Episcopalians,  Boman  Catholics,  Bapt- 
ists, German  Lutherans,  and  African  Methodists  are  all  provided  with  siibstantial  houses  of  worship.  The  Presbyte- 
rians will  erect  probably  the  handsomest  Church  edifice  in  the  city  during  the  coming  year,  on  a  lot  already  purchased. 
The  Koman  Catholics,  in  addition  to  their  Cathedral,  have  completed  within  the  past  two  years  a  Convent  for  girls  and 
a  boys'  school,  and  this  year  will  erect  a  new  Church  in  the  valley  and  a  College  for  young  men. 

8 


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Statement  of  the  Condition  of  the 

MONTANA    NATIONAL    BANK, 

Helena,   Montana,  at  Close  of  business,  Feb.  26,  1891. 


Loans  and  discounts, 

Real  estate, 

Expenses, 

U.  S.  Bonds,       . 

Cash  and  exchange, 


Capital, 
Surplus, 

Undivided  profits, 
Circulation, 
Deposits, 


RESOURCES. 


LIABILITIES. 


$1,594,305  47 

94,375  00 

5,051  42 

154,000  00 

381,833  G8 

$2,229,625  57 

500,000  00 

100,000  00 

91,470  50 

45,000  00 

1,493,149  07 


$2,229,625  57 
DIRECTORS. 

C.  A.  BROADWATER,  President.  Louis  G.  PHELPS,  Vice-President. 

S.  E.  ATKINSON,  Asst.  Cashier. 

D.  A.  CORY,  PETER  LARSON,  HERMAN  GANS, 
A.  L.  SMITH,                       E.  C.  WALLACE,                       C.  W.  CANNON, 

A.  G.  CLARKE,  H.  F.  GALEN. 

10 


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Of  the  hundreds  of  beautiful  and  costly  private  residences  in  Helena,  there  is  not  space  to  speak  within  the 
limits  of  this  article.  Our  illustrations  give  some  idea  of  the  character  and  architecture  of  the  many  beautiful  homes 
that  adorn  our  hillsides  and  make  Helena  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  every  visitor.  While  on  this  subject  it  may 
be  as  well  to  speak  of  the  other  attractions  of  Helena  on  the  social  side. 

An  Eastern  man  may  imagine  that  one  of  the  deprivations  in  Helena  will  be  the  lack  of  amusements.  He  will 
not  find  a  half  a  dozen  theatres  in  this  city  playing  star  attractions,  but  he  will  find  better  sources  of  amusement  than 
in  cities  of  similar  size  in  the  East.  Mings  Opera  House  is  not  exactly  what  we  would  like,  though  it  is  a  comfortable 
theatre  well  adapted  for  entertainments.  It  is  furnished  with  modern  chairs  and  the  seating  capacity  is  1,000.  Within 
a  year  it  will  be  one  of  the  finest  theatres  in  the  West.  The  owner  will  spend  $75,000  on  the  house,  and  the  work  will 
be  under  the  charge  of  a  famous  theatre  builder.  In  addition  there  is  a  proposition  now  under  way  to  build  a  magnifi- 
cent grand  opera  house  on  lower  Main  street.  The  entertainments  in  Helena  are  many  and  are  of  the  best  class.  The 
attractions  that  play  St.  Paul,  Kansas  City  and  Denver,  go  over  this  circuit,  playing  Salt  Lake,  Butte,  Helena,  the  coast 
towns  and  San  Francisco.  The  growing  popularity  of  this  circuit  is  bringing  to  it  all  of  the  best  operatic  and  theatri- 
cal companies  in  the  country.  All  of  the  celebrities  who  visit  San  Francisco  stop  in  Helena,  going  or  coming. 

There  are  other  means  of  entertainment.  The  course  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  includes  the  best  lyceum  attractions. 
Several  of  the  best  quartettes,  chalk  talkers  and  elocutionists  appear  during  the  season.  A  well  managed  concert  hall 
and  a  variety  theatre  are  among  the  places  of  entertainment. 

The  great  paradise  of  amusement  during  the  summer  months  is  at  the  Broadwater.  This  resort  includes  many 
attractions.  First  of  all  is  the  hot  springs.  These  are  reached  by  a  twenty-minute  ride  on  the  electric  car.  A  few 
years  ago  it  was  a  wooded  and  barren  spot  set  like  an  uncut  jewel  between  wooded  mountains.  Nature  did  her  part  and 
Col.  Broadwater  did  the  rest.  First  of  all  were  springs  of  bubbling  hot  water  spurting  from  subterranean  furnaces. 
These  were  covered  and  the  water  run  down  the  valley  two  miles.  Here  a  park  was  laid  off  and  then  the  improve- 
ments began.  A  natatorium  so  large  and  so  imposing  in  its  Moorish  architecture  as  to  bring  thousands  of  visitors  here 
for  the  sole  purpose  of  viewing  it,  was  constructed  at  one  end.  The  natural  hot  water  was  forced  over  a  pretty  cleft  of 
rocks  into  the  greatest  swimming  bath  in  all  the  world.  In  the  winter  this  is  transformed  to  an  ice  rink.  Certainly 
no  city  in  America  has  anything  like  this  great  pleasure  palace.  During  the  summer  months  it  is  filled  in  afternoon 

12 


IRON    FRONT    BUILDING. 


Beport  rendered  Com  ptroller  of  the  Currency  by 

FIRST     NATIONAL     BANK, 


Helena,   Montana,  Feb.  26,  1891. 


RESOURCES. 

Loans  and  discounts, 

U.  8.  bonds  and  city  and  county  securities, 

Banking  house  and  other  real  estate, 

Expense  and  tax, 

Cash  and  sight  exchange,      . 
liedemption  fund  with  U.  S.  Treasurer, 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock,         ..... 
Surplus  and  undivided  profits, 
National  bank  notes  outstanding,        '    . 
Deposits — individual  and  banks, 


$3,190,770  38 

609,898  75 

113,110  80 

19,342  90 

478,802  15 

2,250  — 

$4,414,174  98 

$   500,000  00 

700,093  78 

45,000  — 

3,169,081  20 


$4,414,174  98 

Six  per  cent  interest  paid  for  deposits  made  for  one  year,   and 
five  per  cent,  interest  for  six  mouths  deposits. 

OFFICERS. 

S.  T.  HAUSEK,  President.  E.  W.  KNIGHT,  Cashier. 

T.  H.  KLEINSCHMLDT,  Asst.  Cashier.      GEO.  H.  HILL,  Sec.  Assl.  Cashier. 

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and  evening  with  gayly  costumed  bathers  reveling  in  its  limpid  luxuries.  A  walk  out  of  the  natatorium  carries  you 
through  a  beautiful  park  of  bright  flowers,  playing  fountains,  stately  trees,  all  on  a  background  of  sparkling  green. 
Then  comes  the  Hotel  Broadwater,  a  hotel  so  luxurious  in  its  appointments  and  in  the  perfection  of  its  service  as  to 
cause  a  nine  days'  wonder  to  the  stranger  guest.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  it  is  one  of  the  best  hotels  in  America. 
During  the  summer  months  a  military  band  gives  concerts  in  the  park  and  an  orchestra  furnishes  delightful  music  for 
dancing  within.  This  is  the  Broadwater,  Helena's  great  place  of  summer  amusement,  a  place  so  charming  and  delight- 
ful as  to  be  almost  beyond  the  reach  of  description. 

The  lover  of  good  sport  will  linger  around  the  grounds  of  the  Montana  Agricultural,  Mineral  and  Mechanical 
Association.  Down  in  the  valley  is  the  finest  racing  park  west  of  the  Twin  City  grounds  in  Minneapolis,  while  the 
mile  track  is  ranked  by  turfmen  as  one  of  the  very  best  in  the  land.  Two  meetings  are  held  here  in  July  and  August  of 
each  year.  The  latter  is  part  of  the  Montana  circuit  and  lasts  seven  days.  Nearly  $20,000  in  purses  attracts  some  of 
the  best  horses  in  the  West. 

Across  the  electric  road  from  the  Broadwater  is  the  new  park  of  the  Helena  Athletic  Club.  This  organization 
was  formed  last  year  by  the  leading  young  men  and  athletes  in  the  city.  On  its  rolls  are  found  the  names  of  many  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  Helena.  The  park  was  purchased  last  year  and  laid  out  for  athletic  purposes.  A  fine  ball 
ground  covers  the  center  of  the  field  surrounded  by  a  fast  running  track.  In  the  rear  is  a  grand  stand  that  will  seat 
1,000  people.  Beneath  are  dressing  rooms.  The  park  is  admirably  situated  and  very  well  arranged. 

On  the  line  of  the  road  and  a  little  beyond  the  Athletic  Park  are  the  grounds  of  the  Rod  and  Gun  Club,  a  very 
popular  organization,  composed  of  the  crack  shots  in  the  city.  Weekly  shoots  are  held  during  the  season,  and  occa- 
sionally a  State  tournament  is  held  on  these  grounds.  About  the  only  place  a  stranger  will  see  a  "  gun "  in  active  use 
in  Helena  is  at  the  Gun  Club  Park. 

The  athletic  Scotchman,  if  he  is  a  good  fellow,  who  comes  to  live  in  Helena,  will  soon  find  his  name  on  the  books 
of  the  Caledonian  Club.  The  yearly  games  of  the  Caledonians  are  always  interesting  and  are  well  attended. 

The  leading  social  organization  for  gentlemen  is  the  Montana  Club.  It  is  the  oldest  club  in  the  State.  The 
membership  of  over  200  includes  the  leading  men  of  Helena  and  Montana.  1  he  initiation  fee  is  $100,  and  the  dues  are 
$10  a  quarter.  The  rooms  of  the  Club  occupy  an  entire  floor  of  the  Gold  Block  and  part  of  #n  adjoining  floor  in  the 

16 


DENVER   BLOCK,    . 


Report  of  the  Condition  of  the  Statement  of  the  Condition  of  the 

HELENA    NATIONAL     BANK,    AMERICAN  NATIONAL  BANK, 


Helena,  Montana,  at  Close  of  Business,  Feb.  26,  1891. 


Helena,  Montana,  at  Close  of  Business,  Feb.  26,  1891. 


RESOURCES 

Loans  and  discounts , 

Overdrafts,  secured  and  unsecured,         ...... 

U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  circulation, 

Due  from  approved  reserve  agents, 

Due  from  other  national  banks,  

Due  from  State  banks  and  bankers, 

Banking  house,  furniture  and  fixtures, 

Current  expenses  and  taxes  paid,  

Premiums  on  U.  S.  bonds 

Checks  and  other  cash  items,  •     . 

Bills  of  other  banks, 

Fractional  paper  currency,  nickels  and  cents,        .... 

Specie, 

Legal  tender  notes,  

Redemption  fund  with  U  S.  Treasurer  (5  per  cent,  of  circulation). 

Total 

_     .    .  LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock  paid  in,  ......... 

Surplus  fund,  

Undivided  profits 

National  bank  notes  outstanding, 

Individual  deposits  subject  to  check,         .... 
Demand  certificates  of  deposit,  .... 

Due  to  other  national  banks 

Due  to  State  banks  and  bankers. 


$32,223  >8 

45*58o  79 

14,839  04 

'3'5°9  84 
156,522  85 

$707,877  37 


Total 

State  of  Montana,  County  of  Lewis  and  Clarke,  SS. 

I,  Frank  Baird,  Cashier  of  the  above  named  bank,  do  solemnly  swear  that  the 
above  statement  is  true  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 

FK\NK  BAIRD,  Cashier. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  ?th  day  of  March,  1891. 

SII.NKV   H.   MLINTVKK,  Notary  Public. 

(JOHN  T.  MCRPHV, 
A.  B.  CLEMENTS,  Directors. 

SHIRLEY  C.  ASHB\\ 

18 


RESOURCES. 

$546,494  21  Loans  and  discounts, 

4,884  63  Overdrafts,  secured  and  unsecured,  

50,000  oo  U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  circulation 

20,409  32  Stocks,  securities,  claims,  etc 

13,691  72  Due  from  approved  reserve  agents,          ...... 

9,969  96  Due  from  other  national  banks  

7,890  67  Due  from  State  banks  and  bankers, 

3,270  87  Banking  house,  furniture  and  fixtures, 

11,500  oo  Current  expenses  and  taxes  paid,  ...... 

3,529  01  Premiums  on  V.  S.  bonds 

19,150  03  Checks  and  other  cash  items,  

16  98  Bills  of  other  hanks 

7,680  oo  Fractional  paper  currency,  nickels  and  rents 

7,140  oo  Specie,  

2,250  oo  Legal  tender  notes, 

Redemption  fund  with  U.  S.  Treasurer,  (5  per  cent,  of  circulation), 

*7°7-877  37  _ 

Total,  : 

$500,00000  LIABILITIES. 

3,000  oo        Capital  stock  paid  in, 

3,724  52         Undivided  profits,  

45,000  oo        National  bank  notes  outstanding,  ...... 

Individual  deposits  subject  t»  check,  ...... 

Demand  certificates  of  deposit, 

Time  certificates  of  deposit, 

Cashier's  checks  outstanding,  

Due  to  other  national  banks,          .  ...... 

Due  to  State  banks  and  bankers 


Total, 


$271,258  93 

8,156  05 

50,000  oo 

272  70 

20,382  77 

18,791  02 

161  42 

8,879  70 

992  46 

7,689  25 

005,61 

18,175  °° 

21    I3 

12,787  oo 
19,750  oo 
2,250  oo 


$440,473  04 


$200,000  oo 

9,212  54 

45,000  oo 

77-37°  83 

752  75 

52,344  99 

15  oo 

672  58 

55,104  35 

$440,473  04 


State  of  Montana,  County  of  Lewis  and  Clarke.  SS. 

I,  A.  C.  Johnson,  Cashier  of  the  ab'>ve  named  bank,  do  solemnly  swear  that  the 
above  statement  is  true  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 

A.  C.  JOHNSON,  Cashier. 
Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  ioth  day  of  March,  1891. 

JOHN  R.  MII.I.KK,  Notary  Public. 


Correct-Auest  : 


Directors. 


tt  m 


r^S]  •" 
'  "^w^feiKi 


*.  if  -ir* 

Eiii 


POWER    BLOCK. 


Power  Building.  These  rooms  are  luxuriously  furnished  with  everything  to  be  found  in  the  best  clubs  in  the  country. 
The  costly  art  collection  is  one  of  the  features  of  the  Club.  Billiard  rooms,  card  rooms,  a  library  and  reading  rooms 
and  a  cafe  are  to  be  seen.  Plans  are  now  well  under  way  for  the  construction  of  a  $75,000  Club  House. 

One  of  the  delightful  organizations  for  amateur  musicians  is  the  Encore  Club.  The  new  resident  will  find  that 
admission  to  the  Encore  is  an  open  sesame  to  many  hours  of  pleasure.  The  Club  owns  a  large  and  handsome  hall, 
well  iurnished  for  the  amateur  entertainments  which  are  frequently  given  during  the  winter.  The  best  amateur  talent 
in  Helena  belongs  to  the  club  and  an  excellent  orchestra  is  maintained.  Light  operas  are  sometimes  given  and  the 
work  of  the  club  in  other  ways  is  always  a  delight  to  the  members.  The  German  societies  are  strong  in  membership 
and  popularity.  The  Helena  Turnverein  owns  a  splendid  new  building  on  Helena  Avenue.  It  is  finely  fitted  up  for 
entertainment  purposes  and  includes  a  gymnasium  with  a  competent  instructor.  It  is  the  strongest  organization  of  the 
kind  in  the  Northwest.  The  Harmouia  Singing  Society  is  another  creditable  social  organization  of  the  Germans. 

The  military  organizations  form  a  popular  side  to  Helena  life.  Gov.  Toole,  the  commander-in-chief,  and 
Adjutant-General  Douglas;  Mustering  Officer  Col. Holmes;  Col.  C.  D.  Curtis,  aide-de-camp;  Lieut. Zastrow,  assistant  in- 
spector-general; Chief  of  Ordnance  Col.  J.  E.  Miller,  and  Quartermaster  Veazie,  of  the  general  staff,  N.  G.  of  M.,  reside 
in  Helena.  Co.  C,  Meagher  Guards,  Troop  A,  unattached  cavalry,  and  Battery  A,  unattached  artillery,  are  stationed 
in  this  city,  where  a  new  and  handsome  State  armory  has  recently  been  opened.  Military  balls  are  frequently  given 
and  last  summer  a  successful  kirmess  was  held.  It  was  a  great  social  event. 

All  of  the  prominent  secret  organizations  have  lodges  in  this  city.  The  three  lodges  A.  F.  and  A.  M.  occupy  fine 
quarters  in  the  new  Masonic  Temple  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Jackson  Streets.  The  Commandery  is  one  of  the 
strongest  west  of  St.  Paul.  Algeria  Temple  No.  1,  Mystic  Shrine,  is  very  popular.  Last  summer  the  shriners  gave  a 
magnificent  entertainment  to  visiting  brethren  from  New  York.  The  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  includes  Mon- 
tana Lodge  No.  1,  Canton  Schuyler  Colfax,  Patriarch  Militant,  Excelsior  Lodge  No.  5,  and  Rocky  Mountain  Encamp- 
ment No.  1, 1.  O.  O.  F.  The  Canton  is  the  best  drilled  in  the  State.  The  Knights  of  Pythias  and  the  Patriotic  Sons  of 
America  have  strong  lodges  in  this  city.  The  young  men  of  the  Catholic  Church  maintain  a  fine  literary  society. 

The  means  of  transit  in  Helena  are  unexcelled  by  those  of  any  city  of  its  size  in  the  country.  Two  years  ago 
there  was  one  solitary  street  car  track  on  Main  street.  To-day  the  city  has  nearly  twenty-five  miles  of  street  car  lines 

20  > 


completely  equipped  with  electric  power  and  with  cars  of  the  most  modern  and  luxurious  pattern.  The  investments  of 
the  three  principal  companies,  whose  lines  run  to  the  Broadwater  Hotel,  the  Northern  Pacific  and  Montana  Central 
depots,  during  the  past  eighteen  months  have  been 
fully  four  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  new  lines  are 
yet  to  be  extended  the  coming  season  far  down  into 
the  valley,  to  meet  the  growth  of  the  city  in  that  direc- 
tion and  supply  the  demand  of  suburban  residents. 

A  word  as  to  the  industries  of  Helena.  It  is 
essentially  a  commercial  city.  Chance  located  her 
where  she  is,  but  nature  has  truly  meant  her  for  the 
great  distributing  point  of  a  vast  and  wealthy  region. 
Within  a  radius  of  a  hundred  miles  are  the  greatest 
copper,  gold  and  silver  mines  on  the  continent,  vast 
coal  deposits  and,  to  the  eastward,  the  paradise  of  the 
wool  grower  and  stock  raiser.  Three  great  transcon- 
tinental lines,  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Great  North- 
ern, and  the  Union  Pacific,  have  already  centered  here, 
and  within  a  year  the  fourth  line,  the  Burlington  and 
Missouri  River,  will  reach  Helena  from  the  eastward. 
The  Northern  Pacific  Company  has  already,  by  means 
of  feeders  connecting  at  Helena  with  its  main  line,  se- 
cured control  of  the  business  of  some  of  the  richest 
mining  districts  and  made  them  tributary  to  Helena, 
and  the  other  lines  will  adopt  a  similar  policy.  Her 
situation  as  a  supply  point  for  the  surrounding  coun- 
try has  built  up  a  great  wholesale  and  jobbing  trade  PENN  BLOCK. 

21 


Report  of  the  Condition  of  the 

SECOND    NATIONAL    BANK, 

At    Helena,  in   the   State  of   Montana,  at  the  Close  of  business,  December   19,  1890. 


Loans  and  discounts, 
Overdrafts,  secured  and  unsecured, 
U.  S.  bonds  to  secure  circulation, 
Stocks,  securities,  claims,  etc., 
Due  from  approved  reserve  agents, 
Due  from  other  national  banks, 
Due  from  State  banks  and  bankers, 
Furniture  and  fixtures, 

Total, 


RESOURCES. 

$242,264  52  Cureut  expenses  and  taxes  paid,     .         .         $ 

6,450  57  Premiums  on  U.  S.  bonds, 

20,000  00  Checks  and  other  cash  items, 

3,576  93  Fractional  paper  currency,  nickels  and  cents, 

18,888  57  Specie, 

5,918  85  Legal  tender  notes,      .... 

7,734  51  Redemption  fund  with  II.  S.  Treasurer  (5  per 

5,096  47  cent,  of  circulation,) 


LIABILITIES. 


Demand  certificates  of  deposit, 
Cashier's  checks  outstanding, 
Due  to  other  national  banks, 
Notes  and  bills  rediscouuted,. 


6,911  84 
1,200  00 
1,005  85 
103  03 
4,349  55 
12,740  00 

900  00 
$337,140  66 

$  67,680  27 
10,075  66 
5,962  19 
28,711  57 

$337,140  66 


Capital  stock  paid  in,          ....         $  75,000  00 

Surplus  fund, 10,000  00 

Undivided  profits, 24,666  71 

National  bank  notes  outstanding,  .  18,000  00 

Individual  deposits  subject  to  check,         .  97,044  26 

Total,  .... 

State  of  Montana,  County  of  Lewis  and  Clarke,  SS. 

I,  George  B.  Child,  cashier  of  the  above  named  bank,  do  solemnly  swear  that  the  above  statement  is  true  to  the 
best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief.  GEORGE  B.  CHILD,  Cashier. 

Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  this  29th  day  of  December,  1890.  JOSEPH  N.  KENCK,  Notary  Public. 

( J.  B.  SANFORD, 

CORRECT— Attest  :•<  CHAS.  K.  COLE,  Directors. 

( C.  G.  EVANS, 


D 
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VIEW    OF    MAIN    STREET    LOOKING    NORTH    FROM    BROADWAY. 


VIEW   OF    MAIN    STREET    LOOKING   SOUTH    FROM   SIXTH   AVENUE. 


WM.  E.  WALTON,  President. 


j.  M.  TUCKER,  CASHIER. 


MONTANA   SAVINGS   BANK, 


Annex-Granite  Building,   No.  36   North   Main  St. 


HELENA,   MONTANA. 


Cash  Capital, 


$100000  00 


TRUSTEES. 
C.  A.  BROADWATER,  JOHN  T.  MURPHY,  JAS.  L.  LOMBARD, 

JAS.  M.  TUCKER,  WM.  E.  WALTON. 

Interest  at  5  par  cent,  on  Deposits  of  one  dollar  or  more. 


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for  her  merchants  in  hardware,  machinery,  dry  goods,  groceries  and  mining  and  mill  machinery.  A  foundry  and  iron 
works,  carriage  factory,  three  breweries,  five  cigar  and  tobacco  factories,  brick  yards,  marble  works,  lumber  yards,  fur- 
niture factories,  bottling  establishments  and  a  great  variety  of  small  industries  have  sprung  up  here  to  meet  the  de- 
mands of  a  growing  tributary  population. 

The  surest  index  of  a  city's  growth  and  condition  is  afforded  by  its  banks,  and  an  analysis  of  the  sworn  state- 
ment made  by  these  institutions,  tells  a  story  that  cannot  be  gainsaid  or  refuted.  Let  the  figures  speak  for  themselves. 
Here  they  are  on  the  first  day  of  March,  1891 : 


BANKS. 

UNDIVIDED 

BANK     NOTES 

DEPOSITS. 

ING. 

9    500,000  oo 
350,000  oo 
500,000  oo 
75,000  oo 
500,000  oo 
200,000  oo 
100,000  oo 
100,000  oo 

$100,000  oo 
61,000  oo 
100,000  oo 
10,000  oo 
3,000  oo 

$600,093  78 
52,352  69 
91,476  50 
1  7,985  63 
3,724  52 
9,212  54 

.$  45,000  oo 
50,040  oo 
45,000  oo 
18,000  oo 
45,000  oo 
45,000  oo 

$3,169,081  20 

1,664,783  23 
1,492,749  07 

170,632  07 

156,152  85 

186,260  50 
337,153  53 

30,801  60 

Totals  

$2,325,000  oo 

$304,801  60 

$774,845  66 

$248,040  oo 

$7,176,812  45 

*  From  close  of  business  December  31,  1890. 
t  Opened  for  business  May  i,  1891, 
Number  of  banks,  eight. 

Total  banking  capital,  surplus  and  undivided  profits,  $3,404,657.26. 
Total  deposits,  $7,176,812.45. 

Per  cent,  of  available  cash  items  to  deposits,  or  seven  per  cent,  in  excess  of  legal  requirements, 
22  per  cent. 


As  to  the  financial  condition  of  the  municipality  it  may  be  here  stated  that  the  total  assessed  valuation  of  city 
property  amounts  to  $19,000,000,  or  a  little  more  than  two-fifths  of  the  actual  value,  which  is  put  at  about  $46,000,000. 
The  tax  levied  is  seven  mills  on  the  dollar  of  assessed  valuation,  or  less  than  three  on  the  dollar  of  actual  tax.  The  taxes 

29 


o 

o 


MERCHANTS    HOTEL. 


collected  in  1890  were  $133,000,  and  the  licenses  paid  $20,000,  making  a  total  revenue  of  $153,000.     The  disposition 
made  of  the  taxes  was  as  follows: 

General  revenue  fund,              ..........  3    mills. 

Fire  department  fund, 2  1-5  mills. 

Street  improvement,         .........                  .  \    mill. 

Library  fund, .         .  3-10  mills. 

Interest  and  sinking  fund,        ..........  1    mill. 

Total, 7  mills. 

The  bonded  indebtedness  of  the  city  is  about  $400,000.  It  should  be  explained  that  a  large  part  of  the  city's  ex- 
penditure in  the  last  two  years  has  been  for  a  complete  sewerage  system,  costing  $280,000,  which  gives  perfect  drainage 
to  every  part  of  the  town  and  adds  to  public  health  and  comfort.  In  fact  it  is  as  a  health  resort  that  Helena  offers  at- 
tractions to  the  delicate  and  invalid  which  have  not  been  properly  set  before  the  public.  Situated  in  a  sheltered  nook 
of  the  mountains,  in  latitude  46  degrees  North  and  longitude  112  degrees  West,  at  an  elevation  of  4,200  feet  above  tide 
water,  Helena  offers  almost  every  favorable  climatic  condition.  Dr.  McDonald,  of  Helena,  in  a  recent  paper  says  : 

"In  no  part  of  the  world  has  the  influence  of  climate  upon  disease  been  so  conspicuously  shown  as  in  the  Kocky 
Mountains.  From  Montana  to  Mexico  the  slopes  of  the  Rocky  Sierra  present  conditions  of  climate  that  are  peculiar, 
and  that  differ  widely  from  those  of  any  other  region,  with  the  effect  that  consumption — that  scourge  of  the  race — is 
here  practically  non-existent.  If  we  consider  that  this  disease  alone  does  nearly  one-half  the  slaughter  of  men  during 
the  years  of  active  life,  we  shall  appreciate  the  importance  of  this  immunity. 

"  What  is  true  of  A'egetation  in  general  is  true  also  of  those  organic  germs  whose  presence  in  air  and  water  are 
the  oauses  of  disease.  It  has  always  been  noticed  that  the  conditions  most  favorable  for,  and  in  a  degree  essential  to 
fermentation,  are  heat  and  moisture.  The  growth  of  diseased  organisms  is  a  fermentative  process.  In  the  dry  air  of 
this  country  animal  and  vegetable  matter  undergoes  a  slow  decay,  a  drying  rather  than  the  fat  rotting  of  a  moist  cli- 
mate. In  a  torrid  clime,  whose  air  is  saturated  with  moisture,  vegetable  growth  is  most  active  and  so,  also,  is  the  pro- 
cess of  decay. 

"  The  year  has  300  sunshiny  days,  and  there  are  not  many  of  the  rainy  days  in  which  the  sun  does  not  shine  at 

32 


BROADWATER    HOTEL. 


intervals.  The  rainy  weather  comes  mostly  in  April,  May  and  June,  and  these  are  the  trying  months  for  such  as  have 
chronic  lung  troubles.  Absence  of  moisture  has  a  remarkable  influence  upon  susceptibility  to  cold  and  heat.  Neither 
high  nor  low  temperatures  are  so  trying  as  is  the  case  in  a  moist  climate,  and  except  where  blizzards  blow,  cold,  how- 
ever severe,  is  more  endurable  than  in  lower  altitude.  The  prevailing  dry  and  sunny  weather  allows  invalids  to  spend 
a  great  part  of  the  time  out  of  doors,  and  for  months  men  may  sleep  in  the  open  air  with  safety  and  advantage  to  health. 
The  rarefied  air  makes  a  demand  upon  lung  activity  proportionate  to  the  altitude.  The  mountain  Indian  is  deeper 
chested  and  breathes  in  greater  volume  than  the  plains  Indian.  The  white  man  who  comes  here  becomes  larger  in 
chest  girth  and  develops  an  increase  of  lung  capacity.  This  change  is  very  observable  in  persons  with  lung  disease, 
providing  their  health  improve.  Thus  far  we  have  referred  alone  to  climatic  influences  upon  diseases  of  the  lungs. 
Sunstroke  is  never  seen  and  malaria  is  of  extreme  rarity." 

Another  physician  says  :  "  The  air  being  very  dry  you  escape  those  bronchial  disorders  so  prevalent  in  damp, 
wet  countries,  and  it  seems  to  me  quite  plain  that  you  escape  more  effectually  the  ravages  of  such  diseases  as  are  al- 
ways lurking  about  one's  lungs,  than  do  the  inhabitants  of  any  other  section  of  our  country. 

"Besides,  you  are  so  lavishly  supplied  by  nature  with  nature's  cure  that  we  are  almost  tempted  to  court  sick- 
ess  that  we  may  revel  in  the  cures,  which  are  pleasant  as  well  as  sure. 

"  You  have  immense  mineral  springs  on  all  sides  and  of  all  kinds  — hot  sulphur  springs  and  hot  soda  springs- 
all  in  their  iutensest  powers,  and  can  almost  'throw  physic  to  the  dogs.' ' 

The  number  and  variety  of  Mineral  Springs  in  Montana,  indeed,  which  are  accessible  from  Helena  make  this 
point  the  health  seeker's  paradise. 

The  best  known  of  these  are  the  Hunter's  Hot  Springs,  in  the  Upper  Yellowstone  Valley,  reached  from  Spring- 
dale  Station,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  llailroad.  They  have  identical  properties  with  the  famous  Hot  Springs  of  Ar- 
kansas, being  almost  a  specific  for  diseases  resulting  from  blood  poison.  The  White  Sulphur  Springs,  in  Meagher 
County,  reached  from  Towusend  or  Livingston  Stations  on  the  Northern  Pacific ;  the  Jefferson,  Clancy  and  Boulder 
Warm  Springs  of  Jefferson  County,  reached  from  Helena ;  and  the  Warm  Springs  in  Deer  Lodge  County,  reached  from 
Garrison  Station,  on  the  Northern  Pacific,  have  been  known  for  many  years  for  their  remedial  properties. 

Such  in  brief  and  incomplete  outline  is  the  young  metropolis  of  Montana  to-day — a  city  of  twenty  thousand  in- 

35 


BROADWATER    NATATORIUM. 


;' 


SWIMMING    BATH   300X100    FEET. 


habitants — with  all  the  improvements  and  advantages  of 
modern  civilization;  with  streets  well  lighted  with  gas 
and  electricity ;  with  an  abundant,  pure  and  wholesome 
water  supply  from  mountain  streams,  with  complete  tran- 
sit systems,  with  schools  and  churches  and  clubs  and 
hospitals  and-  charitable  and  benevolent  institutions — 
in  a  word  with  all  the  advantages  of  older  civilizations 
and  the  most  glorious  promises  of  the  new.  A  recent 
writer  has  said  of  it : 

"  The  future  of  every  city  must  depend  largely 
upon  its  situation  and  surroundings,  and  when  these  are 
considered  it  is  not  difficult  to  predict  with  tolerable 
accuracy  the  degree  of  development  it  is  likely  to  attain. 
Situated  midway  between  the  Pacific  coast  and  the  head 
of  navigation  upon  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Great 
Lakes,  and  already  the  centre  of  a  system  of  railways 
radiating  in  every  direction,  and  connecting  it  with  every 
inhabitable  part  of  the  continent,  would  of  itself  be 
enough  to  justify  the  belief  that  Helena  must  become  a 
very  important  industrial  and  trade  centre.  But  this  is 
not  all.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  third  largest  State  in 
the  Union  ;  of  a  State  that  produced  last  year  $35,000,- 
000  worth  of  gold  and  silver,  $11,000,000  of  copper  and 
very  considerable  quantities  of  iron  and  coal ;  that  has 
an  ample  extent  of  exceedingly  fertile  agricultural  coun- 
try ;  whose  forests  cover  a  large  proportion  of  its  sur- 


WOODS   BLOCK. 


T 
O 


o 
o 


face  and  comprise  many  varieties  of  excellent  timber  trees ;  whose  ranges  and  meadows  yield  pasture  and  hay  for  the 
support  of  vast  herds  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and  which  has  besides  quarries  of  numerous  varieties  of  the  most  durable 
and  highly  valued  building  stones.  Here  are  found  the  best  of  clays  for  brick,  terra-cotta  and  pottery,  and  in  the 
pocket  gulches  of  the  mountainous  vicinity  are  vast  quantities  of  precious  stones.  Surrounded  by  this  inestimable 
aggregate  of  wealth  it  cannot  be  otherwise  than  that  Helena  will  attract  to  herself  vast  multitudes  of  enterprising  peo- 
ple. Here  is  work  for  all,  no  matter  in  what  branch  of  industry  they  may  desire  employment,  and  here  labor  cannot 
fail  to  produce  abundantly.  Under  such  circumstances  the  progress  of  Helena  must  not  only  be  rapid  but  coutiuuoiis 
for  many  years  to  come,  and  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  expect  that  within  half  a  century  she  will  take  rank  among  the 
greatest  and  wealthiest  cities  of  the  Western  world." 


40 


MT.    HELENA. 


MOTOR  LINE.  SCHOOL  BUILDING-  BROADWATER  HOTEL  i  NATATORIUM.  ELECTRIC  LIN  E.  KESSLERS. 

KENWOOD— HELENA'S   WEST   END. 


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JVIontana's  ]VIineral  Resources 


BY   JOHN    W.    EDDY. 


leading,  most  important,  and  thrifty  industry  in  the  State  of  Montana  to-day  is  mining.  lu  some  of  its  many 
phases,  it  enters  into  every  department  of  trade,  it  absorbs  about  nine-tenths  of  the  labor,  and  represents  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  aggregate  wealth  of  the  State  ;  and  yet,  it  has  hardly  begun  to  realize  the  great  possibilities 
that  lie  within  its  near  future,  when  it  shall  be  directed  by  the  requisite  skill,  fostered  by  ample  capital,  and  its  affairs 
honestly  administered. 

No  other  State,  or  region  of  equal  extent,  can  show  so  many  mining  camps  of  acknowledged  richness  and  per- 
manency as  Montana  ;  and  in  this  connection,  it  should  be  remembered  that  long  before  we  had  the  means  of  develop- 
ing to  such  an  extent  as  to  establish  the  character  of  our  mines,  other  mineral  regions  had  already  received  the  bene- 
fits which  their  proximity  to  the  channels  of  commerce  had  rendered  easily  procurable.  It  is  not  very  long  since  Mon- 
tana was  regarded  as  an  inaccessible  region  in  the  distant  fastnesses  of  the  great  rocky  banders  of  the  arid  North- 
west, and  because  of  this  it  was  difficult  to  bring  our  wonderful  mineral  wealth  to  the  notice  of  capitalists.  Again, 
more  camps  in  Montana  have  built  up  their  prosperity  from  their  own  resources,  than  in  any  other  locality.  Some  of 
the  most  active  and  promising  camps  we  have  are  of  the  character  denominated  "  Poor  Man's  Camp,"  where  well  di- 
rected energy  and  skill  are  the  chief  requisites  of  success,  because  with  good  management,  the  abundance  and  quality 
of  the  ore  products  at  and  near  the  surface,  are  such  as  to  render  mining  operations  very  simple  and  largely  remun- 
erative. 

In  the  world-famous  camp  of  Butte,  many  of  the  enterprises  that  have  attained  gigantic  proportions  were  begun 
and  maintained  with  the  slender  means  of  the  sagacious  and  frugal  laborer,  until  treasure  was  exposed  sufficient  to 

43 


tempt  the  cupidity  of  the  rich,  and  enable  them  to  secure  the  benefits  so  easily  multiplied  by  capital.  If  some  of  the 
owners  of  the  plethoric  purses  of  the  East  could  be  induced  to  make  incursions  to  our  State,  and  make  personal  exam- 
ination of  the  advantages  here  offered  for  judicious  investment  in  this  vast  mineral  domain,  Montana  would  be  enabled 
to  show  a  large  increase  of  her  treasure  ;  while  a  corresponding  benefit  would  accrue  to  the  promoters  of  systematic, 
intelligent,  and  persistent  development  of  our  acknowledged  resources. 

One  item  of  importance  in  the  inception  of  operations  in  mining,  is  the  abundant  timber  growth  upon  our  min- 
eral ranges  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  mines  ;  and  the  perennial  water-flow  from  the  countless  streams  that  rise 
among  the  mountains.  It  is  well  known  that  in  localities  where  the  supply  of  timber  is  inadequate,  the  cost  of  min- 
ing is  greatly  increased,  and  where  water  is  not  obtainable  in  liberal  supply,  placer  mining  is  impossible,  and  the  dress- 
ing and  reduction  of  ores  is  difficult  and  expensive.  But  with  these  important  aids  in  such  profusion  as  they  are  found 
in  all  our  mineral  ranges,  the  cost  of  manipulation  is  reduced  to  a  minimum. 

The  question  of  fuel  is  already  placed  beyond  the  realm  of  doubt,  both  as  to  quantity  and  quality,  as  well  as 
economy  of  production.  With  every  new  development,  better  grades  of  coal  are  found,  while  the  area  is  already  ex- 
tended so  far  as  to  render  the  supply  absolutely  inexhaustible. 

With  the  opening  of  new  mining  districts  such  ores  as  are  valuable  in  the  furnaces  are  coming  to  light,  and  very 
few  ore  shipments,  comparatively,  will  be  made  out  of  the  State  when  our  own  internal  resources  shall  have  assumed 
the  important  position  their  merits  ought  to  command.  While  it  is  true  that  unusual  progress  is  being  made  in  the 
methods  and  facilities  offered  for  the  reduction  of  ores,  it  is  no  less  true  that  valuable  knowledge  is  being  acquired 
concerning  the  character  of  the  different  rock  formations,  and  the  law  of  probabilities  to  be  followed  in  their  develop- 
ment. The  contour  of  our  mountain  ranges  is  such  as  to  give  assurance  of  regularity  in  the  geological  formation,  and 
therefore  of  permanency  and  continuity  of  the  fissures.  Our  mountains  are  not  broken  and  ragged,  as  though  having 
been  tossed  up  by  some  great  upheaval,  but  they  are  rounded  and  symmetrical,  and  in  repose,  as  if  they  had  been 
gently  lifted  into  place  above  the  general  level. 

What  has  been  so  often  said,  that  "  no  man  can  see  into  the  rocks  farther  than  he  has  made  a  hole  "  is  in  its  tech- 
nical sense  true,  and  yet  in  a  wider  and  truer  sense  a  man  may  become  so  well  versed  in  the  character  and  "make-up" 
of  a  region  as  to  be  able  to  lay  good  foundations  upon  which  to  base  an  expectancy  from  data  which  appear  intelligible 

44 


o  that  man  only,  who,  by  careful  study  and  practical  training,  has  become  expert  in  translating  the  lithologic  history. 
There  are  wiseacres  who  know  so  much  as  to  be  able  to  determine  the  results  of  exploitation  without  having  previously 
studied  even  the  prominent  characteristics  of  a  locality,  and  who  rely  on  the  maxims  of  some  empiric  whose  narrow 
experience  has  taught  him  the  wonderful  secret  that  "  no  mine  is  worth  anything  that  does  not  pay  from  the  grass- 
roots," and  these  often  do  infinite  harm  by  their  ignorant  and  obtrusive  counsels. 

The  magnitude  of  this  industry,  and  its  far-reaching  effects  upon  the  national  economy,  are  such  as  demand  for 
its  promotion  the  soundest  scientific  training,  and  the  highest  practical  skill  in  every  department.  In  some  of  the  dis- 
tricts of  this  State,  where  in  earlier  days  prospectors  believed  that  the  lodes,  although  wide,  well  formed  and  strong, 
were  barren  and  worthless,  it  has  been  found  by  actual  demonstration  that  a  zone  of  rich  pay  exists  deeper  than  their 
limited  means  allowed  them  to  penetrate ;  and  that 
when  they  left  off  development,  they  were  at  the  very 
threshold  of  a  grand  hoard  of  riches  which  far  exceeded 
their  wildest  dreams.  It  is  not  many  years  since  Butte 
was  considered  by  the  mining  public  to  be  good  only 
down  to  the  point  then  reached,  or  the  "water  line." 
But  as  soon  as  the  nerve  and  requisite  money  had 
demonstrated  the  fact  that  pay  ore  existed  below  that 
mystic  level,  then  Butte  began  her  transcendentlyjbril- 
liant  history,  until  now  she  stands  without  a  peer 
among  the  mining  camps  of  the  world. 

As  soon  as  it  was  known  to  be  a  fact  that  the 
deep  formation  was  undisturbed,  and  that  pay  ore  gen- 
erally continued  under  certain  well  defined  circumstan- 
ces, then  it  was  no  longer  a  mere  chance  to  attempt  de- 
velopment of  a  promising  prospect,  but  a  good,  sound 
business  venture,  whenever  the  conditions  were  such  DRY  CRUSHING  CHLORIDIZING  MILL  OF  BI-METALLIC  MINING  co.,  PHILIPSBURG. 

45 


as  to  justify  the  outlay.  A  better  knowledge  of  the 
characteristics  that  should  govern  in  the  selection  of 
properties  for  development,  and  some  understanding  of 
the  rudiments  of  mining,  would  divest  this  all  important 
industry  of  much  of  its  uncertain  and  hazardous  char- 
acter, and  place  it  more  nearly  upon  the  solid  basis  of 
business  calculation. 

The  creators  of  wealth  are  the  manufacturers  of 
the  blood  of  the  nation ;  and  while  the  quack  may  be 
able  to  count  the  sturdy  beatings  of  the  pulse  whose 
vigor  is  our  just  pride,  it  would  be  inexcusable  folly  to 
seek  from  him  the  prescription  that  would  effect  an  in- 
crease in  the  current  and  volume  of  the  life  tide  !  Wis- 
dom that  is  born  of  experience  is  valuable ;  and  the 
proud  position  Montana  now  occupies  in  the  fore  front 
of  the  nation,  is  due  first  to  her  wonderful  resources, 
and  then  to  the  wisdom  that  has  guided  their  transmu- 

COOLING  FLOOR  OF   BI-METALLIC  MINING    CO.'S  CH  LORIDIZING  MILL,   PHILIPSBURG.       tatlOn  UltO   "  Coin  of  the   realm." 

For  the  actual  amount  of  capital  invested  in  mining,  Montana  can  boast  of  larger  returns  than  any  other  state 
or  territory  in  the  Union ;  and  fewer  failures  are  chargeable  to  this  industry  here  than  in  any  other  mining  region  of 
equal  extent.  Beyond  question  there  is  a  larger  number  of  productive  mining  camps,  covering  a  more  extensive  region, 
and  wider  range  of  operations,  now  in  this  State  than  exists  in  any  other,  and  yet  we  have  hardly  done  work  enough 
upon  these  highlands  of  promise  to  be  able  to  realize  the  vastness  or  value  of  the  ventures  already  inaugurated. 

The  great  desideratum  of  our  mining  industry  is  development ;  and  thus  far,  wherever  it  has  been  secured  under 
circumstances  justifying  the  hope  of  even  a  moderate  success,  the  outcome  has  been  most  uniformly  satisfactory. 

The  first  mining  was  done  in  this  State  in  18G2,  on  Gold  Creek,  about  five  miles  below  the  little  village  of  Pio- 

46 


HELENA   AND    LIVINGSTON    SMELTERS. 


neer,  in  Deer  Lodge  County,  when  James  and  Granville  Stuart  opened  and  operated  the  first  placer  mine  in  Montana. 
In  the  same  year  the  placers  of  Grasshopper  Creek  at  Bannock  were  opened,  and  the  year  following  Alder  Gulch  was 
discovered.  In  August,  1864,  Last  Chance  was  found,  and  in  October  of  the  same  year  the  name  of  Helena  was  given 
to  the  embryo  city,  which  has  grown  into  a  position  of  commanding  importance,  and  is  destined  to  take  rank  arnoiig 
the  great  cities  of  the  New  Northwest.  For  many  years  the  principal  product  of  Montana  was  gold  from  her  incom- 
parably rich  placers.  In  1875  quartz  mills  began  to  be  erected,  and  as  the  placers  furnished  less,  the  lodes  produced 
more,  and  from  that  date  scientific  mining  began  ;  although  under  great  disadvantages,  because  of  the  utter  lack  of  ade- 
quate transportation  facilities,  as  well  as  the  requisite  metallurgical  skill  to  successfully  manipulate  the  ores.  How- 
ever, the  tide  of  production  began  to  rise  from  that  date,  and  has  greatly  increased  of  late  years.  While  the  percent- 
age of  gold  is  far  less  than  previous  to  1875,  the  percentage  of  silver  is  vastly  greater.  The  yield  of  the  precious  met- 
als from  1862  to  date,  according  to  the  best  obtainable  data,  is  as  follows  : 


1862 
1863 
1864 
1865 
1866 
1867 
1868 
1869 
1870 
1871 


600,000 

1872 

8,roo,ono 

1873 

16,000,000 

1874 

18,000,000 

1875 

17,500,000 

1876 

n;.:;i  10,000 

1877 

15,000,000 

1878 

11,200,000 

1879 

9,000,000 

1880 

8,000,000 

1881 

7,000,000 

1882 

5,200,000 

1883 

4,000,000 

1884 

4,100,000 

1885 

4,500,000 

1886 

3,750,000       1887 

5,867,000 

1888 

5,900,000 

1889 

6,000,000 

1890 

6,050,000 

$  6,920,000 

7,800,000 

9,170,000 

14,922,000 

18,271,000 

23,000,000 

24,616,558 

23,832,881 

34,814,955 


The  gold  product  from  some  of  the  most  famous  placer  mines  operated,  is  estimated  as  follows  : 

$13,000,000 
60,000,000 


Pioneer,  Independent,  and  Pike's  Peak  districts  on  Gold  Creek  and  vicinity 
Alder  Gulch  and  tributaries 


Confederate  Gulch 

Last  Chance  Gulch  and  tributaries 

Grasshopper  Creek  and  tributaries 


r  4,000,000 

15,000,000 
5,000,000 


Besides  large  contributions  from  Ophir,  Bear,  Elk,  and  numerous  other  gulches  and  the  many  bars  along  the 
Missouri  river. 

While  Montana  cannot  claim  the  veneration  due  to  enterprises  that  date  as  far  back  into  the  cloudy  past  as 
many  of  her  western  neighbors,  yet  her  record  of  production  of  the  noble  metals  has  already  placed  her  in  the  van, 
and  given  her  the  palm  among  them  all,  as  capable  of  the  grandest  possibilities  on  account  of  her  exceptionally  rich 
resources.  The  output  of  the  metals  for  the  year  1890,  as  compiled  by  John  J.  Valentine,  general  manager  for  Wells, 
Fargo  Express  Co.,  is  generally  conceded  to  be  as  reliable  as  any  information  to  be  obtained.  According  to  Mr.  Val- 
entine, who  occupies  a  position  of  great  advantage  in  the  collection  of  reliable  mineral  statistics,  Montana  not  only 
stands  at  the  head  as  a  producer  of  the  high  grade  metals,  but  has  increased  her  lead  during  the  year  1890  very  con- 
siderably. The  figures  are  as  follows,  Montana  leading  by  $7,539,508  over  all  competitors : 


Montana 

Colorado 

Idaho 

Utah 

California 

Nevada 

Arizona 

New  Mexico 


$34,814,955 

27,275,447 

13,824,500 

12,259,175 

11,761,114 

9,240,536 

7,597,349 

4,658,985 


Dakota 

Oregon 

Alaska     . 

Washington 

Texas 

British  Columbia 

Total, 


$  3,045,560 
1,036,000 
762,811 
279,000 
249,423 
361,555 

$127,166,410 


Montana's  copper  product  is  larger  than  that  of  any  other  state  or  territory  in  the  Union.  A  few  years  ago 
Michigan  was  looked  upon  as  possessing  the  copper  mines  par  excellence  of  the  world  ;  but  now  the  Anaconda  pro- 
duces two  thirds  as  much  copper  as  all  Michigan,  and  will  increase  her  output  yearly.  The  following  table  shows  the 
comparative  product  of  the  three  leading  sections,  in  pounds,  for  the  years  named. 

49 


PRUMLUMMON    MINE,    MARYSVILLE. 


YEAR. 

MONTANA. 

LAKE  SUPERIOR. 

ARIZONA. 

1882 

9,058,284 

57,155,991 

17,984,415 

1883     

24,664,346 

59,702,404 

23,874,963 

1884    

43,093,054 

69,353,202 

26,734,345 

1885     

67,798,864 

72,147,889      22,706,336 

1886    

557,611,485 

79,918,460 

16,000,000 

1887     

78,699,677 

76,028,697 

17,790,000 

1888    

98,500,000 

86,587,424 

33,200,000 

1889      

104,539,353 

87,504,103 

32,933,000 

1890    

122,950,000 

99,570,000 

35,720,000 

While  Montana  stands  pre-eminent  as  a  producer  of  the  noble  metals,  her  record  as  a  dividend  payer  is  becom- 
ing equally  noteworthy.  The  following  are  some  of  the  best  known  companies  in  the  State  that  have  disbursed  divi- 
dends during  the  year  1890  : 


NAME  OF  COMPANY. 


Alice  (Butte)       

$    95,000 

$      900,000 

Bannister        ......... 

24,000 

24,000 

Si-Metallic         

290,000 

290,000 

Bald  Butte     

30,000 

30,000 

Boston  &  Montana             ....... 

625,000 

1,675,000 

Cumberland             ........ 

125,000 

125,000 

Elkhorn,  limited         

225,000 

225,000 

Granite  Mountain           

2,400,000 

10,000,000 

Hecla  Consolidated             ....... 

122,500 

1,560,000 

Helena  &  Frisco              ....... 

133,750 

.  133,750 

Iron  Mountain            ........ 

50,000 

.c.  75,000 

Jay  Gould       ......... 

22,000 

r  459,000 

Montana,  limited        ........ 

178,000 

2,559,428 

Parrott            ......... 

252,000 

768,000 

Total            

$4,572,250 

$18,824,178 

PAID  IN  1880    I  TOTAL  TO  JAN.  1,  '91. 


51 


The  following  table  shows  the  comparative  standing  of  the  precious  metal  producing  states  and  territories,  as 
regards  the  dividends  paid  during  the  past  year  : 


Montana             ....  $4,572,250 

Michigan        ....  3,665,000 

Utah 2,850,000 

Colorado        ....  1,119,000 

California          ....  440,528 

Nevada           ....  417,500 


Arizona 240,000 

Dakota      .       ,..,..         .         .         .  213,200 

New  Mexico          ....  200,000 

Idaho 160,000 

Mexico 140,000 

Canada              .         .      :  .         .         .  37,500 


It  will  be  readily  seen  that  Montana  leads  the  list  by  considerable,  and  were  we  able  to  add  the  profits  made  by 
such  great  establishments  as  the  Anaconda  Company,  over  $3,500,000,  and  the  Colorado  and  Montana  Smelting  Works, 
and  the  hosts  of  mines  that  are  shipping  ores  at  large  profits  to  the  individual  owners,  like  the  East  Pacific,  which 
has  made  as  high  as  $15,000  net  profits  per  month,  and  the  Agua  Frio,  with  its  pay  chute  of  2000  feet  in  length,  and 
not  a  break  in  it ;  the  Kennedy  mines,  only  eight  miles  from  Helena,  already  up  to  $15,000  per  month  of  output  of  high 
grade  ore,  and  others  that  might  be  named  by  the  score,  the  dividends  would  be  swelled  to  an  amount  that  would  as- 
tonish one  not  familiar  with  the  facts  concerning  our  great  industry. 

Undoubtedly  the  Granite  Mountain  mine  takes  rank  as  the  greatest  silver  producer  now  operated  on  this  con- 
tinent. During  the  year  1890  its  three  mills  crushed  60,212  tons  of  ore,  which  yielded  3,930,  329  ounces  of  silver,  and 
8,538  ounces  of  gold,  or  $171,660.  During  the  year  the  aggregate  of  levels,  shafts,  and  cross-cuts  driven  was  6,455  feet, 
which  added  to  the  distances  already  accomplished  makes  a  grand  total  of  25,182  lineal  feet  of  openings  in  the  mine 
without  reference  to  stopes  or  stations.  Aside  from  the  payment  of  the  enormous  dividends,  this  company  expended 
in  1890  over  $1,300,000  in  the  necessary  development  of  their  property,  and  for  current  expenses  in  operating  their  ex- 
tensive works. 

The  Bi-metallic,  owned  and  operated  largely  by  the  same  persons  who  have  promoted  the  Granite  Mountain, 
have  reached  the  position  which  enables  them  to  pay  $70,000  per  month  in  dividends ;  and  they  are  now  preparing  to 
enlarge  their  works  by  the  addition  of  another  mill/'  Doubtless  other  properties  now  being  developed  there  will  add  to 

the  renown  of  Granite  and  Philipsburg  in  the  near  future. 

53 


1? he  largest  reduction  works  on  the  western  continent  are  located  at  Anaconda,  in  Deer  Lodge  County.  The  ag- 
gregate capacity  of  the  upper  and  lower  works,  owned  by  the  same  persons,  is  about  3000  tons  per  day,  and  the  mines 
owned  by  the  company  in  Butte  are  capable  of  producing  ore  enough  to  keep  this  enormous  plant  running  up  to  full 
capacity. 

There  are  more  good  paying  properties  in  Butte  than  in  any  camp  of  equal  extent  yet  discovered,  and  her 
record  has  proved  this  to  the  world. 

With  every  step  of  substantial  progress  made  in  the  development  of  the  many  districts  that  are  tributary  to  He- 
lena, it  becomes  more  certain  that  within  a  radius  of  thirty  miles  of  this  place,  there  are  mines  of  such  solid  merit  as 
will  in  the  near  future  command  wide  attention,  that  have  as  yet  been  scarcely  named  to  the  public,  while  there  are1 
scores  of  properties  whose  names  are  almost  as  familiar  as  that  of  our  fair  city. 

About  twenty  miles  northwesterly  from  Helena  is  the  Drum  Lummon  mine,  the  largest  and  most  important  of 
any  of  the  mining  ventures  of  the  county.  This  mine  was  located  nearly  twenty  years  ago  by  Thomas  Cruse,  who  sold 
it  to  an  English  syndicate  in  1883.  Subsequently  the  mine  was  sold  to  an  English  company  who  organized  under  the 
name  of  the  Montana  Company,  limited,  with  a  capital  of  600,000  shares,  par  value  $5  each.  Active  work  was  begun 
by  the  new  company  in  the  latter  part  of  the  year  1883,  and  a  very  large  expenditure  was  made  in  the  erection  of  a 
plant  and  in  development  of  the  mine  ;  and  at  the  close  of  the  following  year  it  was  found  that  the  company  had  been 
operating  at  a  loss,  and  was  in  debt  nearly  $140,000.  In  December  1884,  the  administration  of  the  Montana  Company's 
affairs  was  changed  in  London,  and  the  property  at  Marysville  was  placed  in  the  charge  of  the  present  management, 
since  which  time  its  history  has  been  one  of  great  satisfaction  to  the  company  and  credit  to  our  State.  The  mine  has 
produced  414,628  tons  of  ore,  which  has  yielded  the  gross  sum  of  $8,472,976,  and  has  returned  a  profit  of  $3,238,334, 
out  of  which  twenty-one  dividends  have  been  paid  to  stockholders,  amounting  to  $2,559,428,  and  the  sum  of  $678,906 
has  been  expended  in  permanent  improvements  upon  the  company's  property,  and  in  the  purchase  of  numerous  min- 
ing claims  adjoining  the  old  Drum  Lummon.  At  the  time  Mr.  Cruse  sold  the  property,  he  had  made  an  aggregate  de- 
velopment of  1,031  lineal  feet  in  drifts,  shafts,  cross-cuts  and  tunnels  ;  now  the  total  underground  development  repre- 
sents 45,000  feet,  or  about  eight  and  one-half  miles  of  drifts,  shafts,  cross-cuts  and  tunnels.  In  addition  to  the  414,628 
tons  of  ore  extracted,  there  is  estimated  to  be  still  in  sight  not  less  than  200,000  tons  of  ore  already  available  for  ex- 

55 


NORTHERN    PACIFIC    RAILROAD    DEPOT. 


traction.  This  company  has  120  stamps  in  operation,  with  a  crushing  capacity  of  about  85,000  ton  s  per  annum- 
About  300  men  are  kept  in  the  direct  employment  of  the  company,  but  the  camp  of  Marysville,  containing  about  1,500 
people  has  been  practically  dependent  upon  the  operations  of  the  Montana  Company.  The  mines  of  this  company  are 
operated  through  a  tunnel  1200  feet  long,  which  cuts  the  vein  400  feet  vertically  from  the  surface.  From  the  level  of 
this  tunnel  two  shafts  have  been  sunk  which  have  now  attained  a  depth  of  1,400  feet  from  the  surface,  and  sinking  is 
still  continued  at  the  rate  of  about  300  feet  per  annum.  To  observant  persons,  it  is  apparent  that  it  is  about  as  nec- 
essary to  have  good  management  as  to  have  a  good  mine. 

A  most  interesting  chapter  in  the  history  of  mining  is  furnished  by  the  Golden  Leaf,  limited,  at  Empire,  in  this 
county.  Formerly  the  property  was  a  conspicuous  failure,  although  dividends  were  declared  at  the  expense  of  the  bank 
account,  which  added  nothing  to  the  credit  of  the  management  of  the  company.  Lately  the  mill  has- been  repaired  and 
set  in  motion,  and  the  work  of  developing  the  mine  prosecuted  under  a  management  of  such  intelligence  and  economy 
as  to  result  in  the  reduction  of  the  cost  of  mining  and  milling,  including  all  charges,  to  not  over  $1.75  per  ton  of  ore. 
During  November  the  ore  only  averaged  $2.80  per  ton,  and  there  was  found  in  the  tailings  $1.10  a  ton,  leaving  the  net 
product  $1.70  a  ton.  The  expenses  were  $8,900.  In  December  the  ore  was  of  better  grade,  averaging  $3.70  per  ton, 
$1.20  of  which  was  lost  in  the  tailings,  leaving  a  net  profit  of  $2.50  per  ton.  The  expenses  for  December  were  $7,100. 
For  January,  owing  to  shortage  of  water,  now  remedied,  only  3,500  tons  were  crushed,  producing  $11,100  or  $3.20  per 
ton  at  a  cost  of  $7,500  or  $2.15  per  ton  ;  exclusive  of  cost  of  development  worth  $2,500. 

The  manager  reports  that  the  developments  in  the  Empire  mine  show  very  favorable  results  as  depth  is  at- 
tained, with  every  indication  of  a  large  body  of  rich  ore  below  any  of  their  present  workings.  The  sixty  stamps  are 
now  plentifully  supplied  with  water,  from  a  system  of  water  works  recently  constructed,  and  in  the  near  future  this 
company  expects  to  refit  the  mill  entirely  with  steel,  and  thus  greatly  increase  its  crushing  capacity.  There  is  hardly 
a  mine  in  Montana  that  will  not  average  more  than  the  Empire  ;  and  with  the  same  energy  and  thrift  in  the  manage- 
ment, splendid  results  will  surely  be  achieved. 

Four  miles  westerly  from  Marysville  is  a  group  of  five  mines  that  give  promise  of  becoming  famous.  These  are 
owned  by  the  Bald  Butte  Mining  Company.  The  Albion  has  been  developed  by  a  shaft  to  a  depth  of  200  feet,  and 
levels  run  aggregating  about  700  lineal  feet.  The  Genesee  has  a  shaft  150  feet  deep  and  levels  120  feet  long,  and  the 

57 


MONTANA   CENTRAL   RAILROAD, 


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Pus. 


HIGH    SCHOOL. 


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CENTRAL   SCHOOL. 


OLD    LAND    MARKS,    MAIN  STREET. 


veins  exposed  are  not  less  than  five  feet  in  width.  The  Sterling,  Black  Douglas  and  Kenawa  are  also  being  developed. 
The  ten  stamp  mill  of  this  company  is  crushing  ten  tons  of  ore  per  day,  and  saving  very  closely,  as  the  ore  is  friable 
and  very  free.  These  mines  are  owned  by  a  close  corporation,  who  have  abundant  reason  to  be  satisfied  with  the  re- 
sults of  its  operations.  They  have  paid  since  last  November,  twenty  per  cent,  in  dividends  on  their  capital  stock  of 
$250,000,  and  have  enough  left  in  the  treasury  in  the  middle  of  February  to  pay  an  eight  per  cent,  dividend  if  neces- 
sary. Careful  estimates  of  their  reserves  place  the  value  of  the  ore  in  sight  and  available  for  milling  at  $750,000. 

Of  the  mines  tributary  to  Rimini,  the  Crescent  is  now  showing  an  improved  conditionof  property,  and  character 
of  product.  A  tunnel  has  penetrated  this  claim  about  400  feet,  and  a  depth  of  nearly  200  feet  has  been  reached.  At 
present  about  one  car  load  of  ore  per  week  is  taken  for  shipment  from  stopes  at  the  end  of  the  tunuel,  and  the  car  load 
nets  from  $300  to  $500.  The  company's  estimate  of  ore  now  on  the  dump  is  6000  tons,  carrying  about  $25  per  ton  ; 
and  a  fifty-ton  concentrator  is  to  be  erected  in  the  spring,  when  the  whole  width  of  thirty-three  feet  of  vein  will  be 
worked,  and  only  concentrates  shipped.  A  test  recently  made  at  the  Gates  Works,  of  ore  carrying  a  value  of  $21.93 
per  ton,  resulted  in  the  concentration  of  about  three  tons  into  one,  carrying  a  value  of  $56.21. 

The  Park  district,  near  Placer,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  about  twenty  miles  southeast  of  Helena,  is  mak- 
ing a  remarkably  fine  record.  The  East  Pacific  shipments  for  the  year  18!)0  aggregated  over  $500,000.  The  Agua 
Frio,  which  for  the  first  half  of  the  year  did  nothing  but  development  work,  has  shipped  $75,000.  The  Gold  Dust  has 
constantly  increased  its  shipments.  The  Park  Mine  has  paid  for  its  own  development  by  shipments  from  its  tunnel, 
and  is  now  reported  to  be  "in  bonanza."  The  Little  Bonanza  is  becoming  a  big  bonanza.  The  Switzerland,  Silver 
Wave,  Hawkeye,  Hard  Cash  and  hosts  of  others  are  bringing  that  district,  hitherto  almost  unknown,  into  prominence. 

Twenty-five  miles  south  of  Helena  is  Wickes,  which  is  a  great  producer  of  ore.  The  Helena  and  Livingston 
Smelting  and  Reduction  Co.  own  the  Alta  and  its  allied  group  of  mines,  and  during  the  year  have  kept  125  men  em- 
ployed about  the  mines  and  35  at  their  concentrator  at  Corbin,  besides  wood  contractors  and  haulers  to  the  extent  of 
probably  40  more.  The  company  has  a  narrow  gauge,  30-inch  railway,  from  the  concentrator  into  the  mine,  three 
miles  long ;  over  this  225  tons  of  ore  is  daily  carried  into  the  works.  During  1890,  55,000  tons  of  ore  was  taken  from 
the  Alta  mountain,  and  $275,000  added  to  the  world's  wealth  as  the  quota  of  this  group  of  mines.  The  Miiiah,  in  the 
near  vicinity,  has  made  a  magnificent  record,  and  the  Pen  Yan  and  Bluebird  are  also  very  valuable  properties.  The 

62 


THOMPSON    BLOCK. 


HAWTHORNE  SCHOOL. 


great  Elkhorn,  lied  Mountain,  Cataract  and  Basin  are  quietly  adding  to  the  precious  metal  output;  while  the  wide 
range  of  rich  country  adjacent  to  Wickes,  including  the  Boulder  Eange,  the  great  silver  lead  camps  of  Castle  and  the 
Belt  Range,  and  the  rich  fissures  of  Cook  City,  Neihart,  Barker,  Maiden,  and  the  hundred  camps  that  make  Montana's 
resources  the  Nation's  pride,  are  steadily  forging  the  hinges  upon  which  the  doors  to  their  vast  treasure  houses  will 
soon  swing  open  to  the  gaze  of  the  waiting  and  wondering  world. 

The  following  statistics  from  official  data  are  taken  from  the  Governor's  message  to  the  legislature  of  the  State, 
which  adjourned  March  5,  1891 : 

Mineral  output  in  1889 $24,012,000 

"  1890 47,748,000 

Number  quartz  mills  and  reduction  furnaces  operated  in  1889  ....  188 

"  1890 207 

Number  bushels  of  coal  mined  in  1889  907,500 

1890 17,612,000 

The  Inspector  of  Mines  reports  the  number  of  claims  recorded  in  the  Slate  during  the  past  year  to  be  8,745. 

Eastward  from  Helena  about  thirteen  miles,  are  the  famous  sapphire  and  ruby  placers.  Some  of  the  gems  found 
along  the  Missouri  river  are  pronounced  by  eminent  experts  to  be  fully  equal  to  the  Oriental  sapphires,  and  Montana 
will  undoubtedly  become  noted  for  her  gems,  as  well  as  her  pre-eminent  position  as  a  prodiicer  of  the  noble  metals. 


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Irrigation  in  jVIontana. 


Exhaustive  Review  of  tl\e  \^orK  r]oW  dor\e  arid  to  be  dor\e  soor\. — Dependerice  of  flgriculture  or\  Irrigation.- 

Car\als  already  built  and  others  ir\  Process  of  Construction. 


BY  CHARLES  A.  GBKGORY,  BOZEMAN,  MONTANA,  MAY,  1891. 


rT"rerritorially  Montana  is  the  third  largest  State  in  the  United  States.  It  embraces  93,349,200  acres.  It  is  wholly 
within  the  arid  region.  Agriculture  cannot  be  carried  on  in  this  State  without  irrigation,  to  the  extent  to  supply 
the  population.  There  are  meager  exceptions  when  under  favorable  conditions  irrigation  may  be  dispensed  with.  The 
most  extensive  agricultural  valleys  are  those  of  the  Yellowstone,  the  Missouri  and  the  Milk  River.  Important  valleys, 
though  less  extensive,  are  the  Bitter  Root,  the  Gallatin,  the  Madison,  the  Jefferson,  the  Dearborn,  the  Sun  River,  the 
Flathead  country,  in  Missoula  County  ;  the  Deer  Lodge  River  valley,  in  Deer  Lodge  County;  the  Beaverhead,  in  Mad- 
ison County  and  Beaverhead  County,  and  the  Judith  River  country,  in  Fergus  County.  In  all  these  valleys  there  is 
more  or  less  irrigation. 

The  United  States,  west  of  the  one  hundredth  meridian  of  longitude,  presents  the  most  extensive  connected  field 
for  irrigation  on  the  earth,  and  within  this  field  Montana  is  the  best  watered  section  of  intra-mountain  country;  has 
conditions  which  warrant,  physically  and  economically,  the  profitable  expenditure  of  capital  in  irrigation.  Agriculture 
is  the  foundation  of  material  prosperity.  The  development  of  our  mines,  the  success  of  stock  growing,  the  sustaining 
of  our  towns  and  cities,  rest  on  irrigation.  Not  much  is  yet  done  in  this  particular,  if  we  consider  the  opportunities 

71 


STEAMBOAT   BLOCK. 


and  needs.  It  is  useless  to  attempt  an  accurate  statement  of  the  condition  of  irrigation  in  Montana.  The  State  has  re- 
centlj  provided  a  bureau  of  agriculture,  but  has  not  any  collected  and  preserved  statistics  on  irrigation;  nor  is  there 
any  requirement  upon  any  bureau  or  officer  to  investigate  and  report  on  this  subject  of  prime  importance.  Floating 
newspaper  mentions  and  some  personal,  but  not  extensive  knowledge  of  the  subject,  are  the  basis  of  the  following  state- 
ments : 

We  should  mention  the  Gallatin  Canal,  on  the  east  side  of  the  West  Gallatin  River,  in  Gallatin  County,  about 
twenty  miles  long,  fourteen  feet  wide  on  bottom  and  twenty-four  feet  wide  on  top  and  three  feet  deep,  grade  two  and 
one-half  feet  to  the  mile,  constructed  two  years  ago.  The  West  Gallatin  Irrigation  Company's  canal,  locally  known  as 
the  Gregory  High  Line  Canal,  issuing  from  the  west  side  of  the  West  Gallatin  River,  in  the  same  county,  is  now  con- 
structing. The  head  gate  is  made  of  heavy  timbers  bolted  together,  with  five  gates,  the  lower  part  of  which  is  four 
feet  below  the  water  of  the  river.  The  head  gate  is  lo- 
cated in  the  northeast  quarter  of  section  twenty-eight, 
township  three  south,  range  four  east.  The  capacity 
for  passing  water  through  head  gate  is  fifty  thousand 
miners'  inches— ihe  first  section  of  the  canal  is  twenty- 
four  feet  wide  on  bottom,  thirty-four  feet  wide  on  top, 
five  feet  depth  of  water,  with  fall  six  feet  per  mile,  and 
will  carry  40,000  miners'  inches.  One  quarter  of  a  mile 
below  head  gate  there  is  a  waste  gate,  6x12  feet,  so  con- 
structed that  the  amount  of  water  entering  the  second 
section  of  canal  is  entirely  under  control  of  the  person 
operating  the  canal.  The  canal  runs  northerly  some 
twelve  miles,  then  turns  westerly  and  covers  high  bench 
lands.  The  fall  of  the  river  for  some  miles  below  the 
head  gates  is  fifty  feet  to  the  mile.  In  the  main  part  of 
its  length  the  canal  is  fourteen  feet  wide  on  bottom, 


HELENA    CEMETERY. 


74 


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abcmt  twenty-four  feet  wide  on  top,  carrying  four  feet  of  water  in  dapth,  on  a  grade  of  thirty-eight  inches  to  the  mile 
— carefully  and  permanently  constructed — to  be  at  least  thirty  miles  in  length,  and  prospectively  much  longer,  having 
under  it  upwards  of  70,000  acres  of  irrigable  lands,  of  as  fine  cereal  producing  quality  as  are  found  in  the  State. 

The  Excelsior  Canal,  on  the  east  side  of  the  same  river,  iu  the  same  county,  is  a  large  ditch  now  constructing, 
adapted  to  water  some  of  the  same  lauds  that  lie  under  the  East  Gallatin  Canal. 

On  the  west  side  of  the  West  Gallatiu  River  there 
is  the  large  ditch  of  the  Manhattan  Malting  Company's 
ranch,  nineteen  miles  in  length,  twelve  feet  wide  on 
the  bottom. 

There  is  also  another  ditch,  now  twelve  feet  wide 
on  the  bottom  and  now  being  enlarged  to  sixteen  feet 
wide  on  the  bottom,  to  carry  as  the  flow  in  the  ditch  ten 
thousand  miners'  inches,  called  the  Flowers  ditch. 
Here,  also,  is  the  Neeble  ditch,  Lewis  ditch  and  Anceny 
ditch. 

Gallatin  valley  is  the  best  watered  and  the  most 
extensively  irrigated  valley  in  the  State. 

THE   DEARBORN   CANAL 

begins  about  section  sixteen,  township  eighteen,  north 
of  range  eight  west,  unsurveyed  lands,  which  lie  in  the 
canyon  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Dearborn  River,  in 
Lewis  and  Clarke  Count}'.  The  waters  of  the  river  are 
diverted  by  an  immense  dam,  300  feet  long,  composed 
of  cribs  built  of  twelve-inch  logs  bolted  together  and 
filled  with  rock,  the  whole  being  placed  upon  solid  rock 
in  the  bed  of  the  stream ;  the  canal  runs  thence  over  a 


TURN    HALLE. 


76 


A   MONTANA   RANCH. 


hill  which  separates  the  Dearborn  from  the  head  of  Flat  creek  ;  this  portion  of  the  canal  being  four  and  one-half  miles 
long,  twenty  feet  wide  in  the  bottom,  thirty -eight  feet  at  the  top,  and  will  convey  six  feet  depth  of  water.  The  canal  is 
so  planned  that  a  raft  100  feet  long  and  twenty  feet  wide  can  be  floated  down  by  the  force  of  the  current  and  the  guid- 
ance of  two  men.  The  main  continuous  canal  will  be,  when  entirely  completed,  119  miles  in  length,  and  the  lateral 
ditches  475  miles  long.  Creek  beds  and  lakes  are  utilized  to  a  very  large  extent,  thus  saving  the  construction  of  the 
same  length  of  canals,  covering  75,000  acres  of  land  with  an  expenditure  of  about  $150,000. 

The  laud  covered  is  of  excellent  quality,  of  a  sandy  loam  character,  and  varies  in  depth  from  two  to  twenty  feet. 
The  farmers  will  be  charged  about  $2  an  acre  per  annum.  It  is  the  purpose  of  the  company  to  extend  its  system  to 
the  great  body  of  land  lying  southwest  of  Great  Falls.  The  new  Montana  and  Canada  railroad  will  cross  its  lands, 
thus  affording  the  farmers  easy  access  to  the  markets  with  their  cattle,  sheep  and  grain. 

The  company  will  be  ready  to  deliver  water  during  the  coming  irrigation  season. 

Wilson  &  Thompson's  Canal,  known  as  the  Crown  Butte  Canal.  This  is  one  of  the  enterprises  that  will  cover 
a  large  amount  of  land  in  Cascade  County.  This  work  of  irrigating  some  of  the  excellent  land  of  that  region  has  been 
undertaken  as  a  private  enterprise  by  Wilson  &  Thompson,  of  Helena,  and  by  a  system  of  reservoirs  they  will  have, 
when  completed,  a  canal  twenty-five  miles  in  length. 

The  Glendora  Keservoir,  Canal  and  Irrigation  Company's  undertaking  is  situated  near  the  village  of  Choteau, 
in  Choteau  County.  There  is  a  low  bank  which  separates  the  Teton  and  Muddy  Rivers,  comprising  fifty  or  sixty  thou- 
sand acres  of  fine  land,  and  this  company  is  organized  with  a  view  of  irrigating  this  land.  The  system  comprises  about 
twenty-five  miles  of  main  canals,  fed  by  two  reservoirs  which  are  natural  depressions  in  the  prairie  ;  one  of  them  a 
mile  and  a  quarter  long  by  about  a  half  mile  wide  and  about  forty-two  feet  deep  ;  the  other  covers  about  eighty  acres 
of  land  and  is  about  thirty  feet  deep.  These  two  reservoirs  are  connected  by  a  canal ;  they  lie  along  the  Teton  Kiver 
about  three  miles  apart ;  the  upper  or  larger  one  is  connected  with  the  river  by  a  canal ;  and  from  this  reservoir  a 
canal  runs  to  the  smaller  reservoir,  and  the  irrigation  begins  within  1,200  feet  after  leaving  the  lower  reservoir.  The 
canals  are  carried  over  this  bench  land,  from  which  run  mains  and  laterals  to  suit  the  natural  fall  of  the  country,  which 
is  about  twelve  feet  to  the  mile.  The  land  lies  smooth  and  level,  and  is  deep  and  rich  in  soil.  The  work  to  be  done 
this  year  (1891)  will  irrigate  about  30,000  acres,  and  the  system  may  hereafter  be  continued  so  as'  to  embrace  all  the 
land  lying  between  the  Teton  and  Muddy  Eivers  and  below  the  reservoir  sites. 

79 


BRYANT    SCHOOL- 


DIAMOND,  BLOCK. 


The  Florence  Canal  and  Keservoir  Company  was  engaged  in  constructing  its  improvements  in  1884.  The  source 
of  the  water  supply  is  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sun  River,  and  the  canal  runs  easterly,  and  there  is  opportunity  for  im- 
provement in  this  undertaking.  There  is  fine  land  under  the  line  of  this  canal. 

The  Sun  River  Canal  Compajiy  contemplates  improvements  to  reclaim  lands  lying  between  the  Tetoii  River  on 
the  north,  the  Missouri  River  on  the  east,  the  Sun  River  on  the  South  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  west,  compris- 
ing a  very  extensive  area,  as  may  be  seen  by  consulting  the  local  maps.  The  size  of  the  constructed  part  of  the  canal  is 
said  to  be  fifteen  feet  wide  on  bottom  and  twenty-four  feet  wide  on  top  and  four  feet  deep,  and  about  six  miles  have 
been  excavated  and  the  project  is  incomplete.  The  source  of  water  for  the  main  canal  is  at  the  base  of  the  mountains, 
on  the  North  Fork  of  Sun  River,  aud  the  line  runs  easterly  along  the  main  ridge  on  the  divide  between  Bun  River  and 
the  Teton. 

The  Teton  Canal  is  completed  for  a  distance  of  twenty  miles,  and  takes  its  name  from  the  Teton  River,  as  also  its 
heading,  near  the  mountains,  and  runs  easterly  about  thirty  miles.  About  midway  upon  the  line  is  an  immense  flume 
one  and  one-half  miles  in  length  and  forty -five  feet  high ;  it  is  connected  in  the  centre  by  2,000  feet  of  heavy  iron  pipe, 
two  feet  in  diameter,  which  carries  water  over  the  top  of  the  ravine.  The  extensive  and  important  part  of  the  Sun 
River  enterprise  is  the  constructing  of  a  storage  reservoir  covering  an  area  of  some  twenty-one  square  miles.  This  is 
done  by  using  the  old  Benton  Lake.  The  lake  is  tapped  at  the  south  end  by  a  cut  one  and  one-half  miles  in  length 
and  thirty-five  feet  deep.  Two  canals,  each  about  twenty-five  miles  long,  are  constructed  from  the  cut  to  carry  water 
on  to  the  table  lands  lying  between  the  lake  and  Fort  Benton. 

The  Chestnut  Vallay  Canal  takes  its  heading  at  Half-Breed  Rapids,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
runs  northerly  twenty  miles  and  covers  the  Chestnut  valley.     This  is  a  small  canal,  some  twelve  feet  wide  and  three  deep. 

The  Tongue  River  Canal,  near  Miles  City,  and  leading  to  the  marginal  lands  on  the  Yellowstone,  and  fifteen 
miles  in  length,  deserves  mention,  as  also  the  local  improvements  at  and  near  Billings  on  the  Yellowstone.  Here  is 
Clark's  Fork  Bottom  Canal,  above  Billings,  some  twenty-five  or  thirty  miles  long  in  Yellowstone  County. 

It  would  be  a  censurable  omission  not  to  state  that  the  frequency  of  small  creeks  and  rivulets  leading  to  fertile 
valleys  in  many  localities  furnish  opportunities  for  irrigation  which  are  already  availed  of  by  the  resident  ranchers. 
The  aggregate  of  these  is  considerable.  In  the  Gal  latin  valley,  so  famous  for  its  extent  of  area  and  for  high  yield  of 

82 


ARMORY. 


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CONGREGATIONAL   CHURCH. 


crops,  all  the  streams  are  availed  of  by  ranchers'  ditches,  and  it  may  be  said  that  by  far  the  largest  part  of  agriculture 
is  carried  on  by  this  minute  ditch  system.  It  is  thought  that  at  present  upwards  of  80  per  cent,  of  the  agriculture  of 
this  State  is  maintained  by  irrigation  from  small  marginal  ditches.  Much  and  little !  The  rancher,  the 

dweller  in  towns,  and  the  miner  rejoices  that  so  much 
is  accomplished  bv  their  individual  efforts  at  irrigation. 
The  citizen  who  looks  at  the  State  as  a  whole  and  sees 
its  needs  and  opportunities  will  regret  that  so  little  is 
done  where  so  much  more  is  needed.  There  are  only 
about  400,000  acres  under  irrigation  and  actually  culti- 
vated in  this  State.  This  shows  the  small  extent  of  use 
of  this  art  in  this  State.  The  blanks  for  irrigation  sta- 
tistics sent  from  the  agricultural  department  at  Wash- 
ington to  all  the  arid  tracts  of  the  United  States,  will 
ultimately  provide  extensive  statistical  information  of 
irrigation  in  the  arid  region,  but  their  defect  is  they  take 
no  note  of  individual  low  line  and  marginal  ditches, 
which  in  the  aggregate  are  so  important  a  feature,  and 
which  this  State  is  at  present  relying  upon.  But  the 
small  ditch  system  has  about  reached  its  limitations, 
and  we  must  in  future  rely  upon  large  high-line  ditches 
for  further  development  of  agriculture. 

Over  $30,000,000  of  agricultural  products  are  im- 
p  irted  from  the  east  into  the  arid  region.  Only  a  small 
part  of  what  Montana  consumes  is  raised  in  this  State. 
It  is  a  pity  to  be  forced  to  haul  hay  from  Iowa  into 
Montana. 


MASONIC    TEMPLE. 


87 


KETCHUM,  DENOIELLE  &  co. 


KESSLERS  BREWERY. 


MOUNT    HELENA,    LOOKING    WEST. 


The  following  suggestions  from  the  Governor's 
Message  (January,  1891,  Montana)  may  appropriately 
be  introduced.  He  says  :  "  Every  person  who  is  con- 
versant with  our  climate  and  the  character  of  our  soil 
must  know  that  great  possibilities  await  a  general  and 
comprehensive  system  of  irrigation  of  our  lands.  It 
will  be  a  glad  day  for  Montana  when  the  stock  inter- 
ests of  the  State  shall  be  divided  among  ranchmen  in 
small  lots.  This  will  insure  the  proper  feeding  and 
shelter  of  stock,  and  furnish  employment  to  a  large 
number  of  persons,  who  must  also  be  provided  with  the 
necessaries  of  life,  all  of  which  will  be  conducive  of  a 
more  general  prosperity  of  the  State."  Agriculture 
should  be  stimulated  and  promoted  within  this  State. 
Behold  the  splendid  progress  of  California  and  of 
Colorado  growing  out  of  irrigation.  These  are  not  the 
less  for  this  reason  mineral  producing  States,  and  they 
are  high  on  the  roll  of  honor  of  agriculture  and  horti- 
culture. Let  Montana  profit  by  these  examples.  Ag- 
riculture and  irrigation  are  blessed  arts. 

Honor  waits  o'er  all  the  earth, 

Through  endless  generations, 
The  art  that  calls  her  harvests  forth, 

And  feeds  the  expectant  nations. 

The  grass  crop  is  the  most  valuable  crop  raised  GRAN  DON  BLOCK. 

in  the  United  States,  if  we  consider  it  in  its  various  forms,  as  hay  and  as  wrought  into  stock  and  dairy  products, 

91 


GANS    &    KLEIN    BUILDINGS. 


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33 
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I 
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CT 


VIEW  OFjjEWING   STREET,    LOOKING    NORTH. 


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I 
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0 


CHURCH   OF  THE  SCARED   HEART. 


Taking  a  due  proportion  of  the  annual  increase  of  stock  together  with  dairy  product,  and  the  annual  \alue  of  the 
grass  crop  is  not  less  than  $1,000,000,000.  It  is  a  crop  of  priceless  value  to  Montana,  and  yet  it  is  raised  in  small 
quantity,  though  capable  of  being  carried  to  large  proportions  under  irrigation  in  this  State.  It  is  the  sure  winner  of 
profit  to  the  grower.  We  are  far  behind  many  European  countries  in  the  yield  to  the  acre  of  this  crop,  yet  not  neces- 
sarily so,  but  only  so  by  our  own  neglect  and  supineness.  All  flesh  is  grass,  but  not  all  the  grass  is  made  for  making 
flesh,  that  flesh  is  heir  to  ! 

Gov.  White,  of  Montana,  in  his  official  report  for  1889,  says  :  "  On  well-irrigated  farms  crops  of  forty  to  sixty 
bushels  of  wheat  and  eighty  to  one  hundred  bushels  of  oats  per  acre  are  common,  and  where  water  was  abundant  even 
an  exceptionally  dry  season  had  no  effect  in  diminishing  the  crops.  When  the  traveler  over  the  sun  scorched  plains 
of  Western  Dakota  and  the  lower  Yellowstone  during  the  past  summer  entered  the  Gallatin  valley  and  saw  richer  crops 
of  grain  and  hay  than  any  in  Illinois  and  Kansas,  and  then  realized  that  not  one  drop  of  rain  had  moistened  those 
crops,  he  was  taught  by  an  object  lesson  the  value  of  irrigation,  as  nothing  else  could  teach  it;  and  yet  there  are  to-day- 
many  millions  of  acres  in  Montana  only  waiting  for  the  fructifying  application  of  those  great  streams  of  water,  which 
are  now  running  to  waste  to  produce  crops  equal  to  those  of  any  lands  in  the  world.  The  land  is  there,  the  water  is 
there  ;  while  they  are  kept  separate,  Montana  cannot  feed  her  present  population ;  bring  them  together  and  you  add 
another  great  grain-producing  State  to  the  union." 

Montana  is  a  mining  and  a  grazing  State,  picturesque  and  beautiful,  of  a  healthful  climate  and  full  of  sunshine. 
The  small  area  that  is  cultivated  is,  by  reason  of  its  productiveness  and  smallness,  very  valuable.  If  we  take  ten  per 
cent,  of  its  area  as  adaptable  for  agriculture,  we  have  only  about  9,200,000  acres.  Of  the  total  area  about  4,000,000 
acres  are  returned  for  taxation,  and  this  includes  surveyed  railroads  and  much  land  not  cultivable.  Lands  assessed 
for  taxation  in  1888,  3,741,459  acres  ;  number  of  farms  in  1888,  4,882  ;  number  of  acres  on  which  crops  were  raised  in 
same  year,  331,382.  On  26,155  acres  were  raised  770,200  bushels  of  wheat.  On  84,978  acres  were  raised  3,020,572 
bushels  of  oats.  If  we  took  into  account  only  crops  grown  under  irrigation  the  average  yield  per  acre  would  be  great- 
ly increased. 

These  figures  show  that  the  agriculture  of  Montana  is  still  in  its  infancy.  Over  one-half  of  the  total  amount 
of  grain  produced  is  raised  in  two  valleys,  those  of  the  Gallatin  and  Bitter  Root.  Nineteeu-twentieths  of  the  tota 

99 


ST.  ALAYSIUS   SCHOOL. 


EMERSON    SCHOOL. 


"^iE". :;•'".  'T^ 


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VIEW    OF    LENOX   ADDITION. 


amount  is  raised  in  the  western  or  mountainous  third  of  the  State.  This  is  due  to  several  reasons.  The  mines  have 
afforded  the  best  local  market,  and  therefore  those  valleys  lying  contiguous  to  the  mining  regions  are  most  thickly 
populated,  and  have  been  settled  longer  than  those  countries  lying  east  of  the  mountains.  The  mountain  valleys  are 
most  easily  irrigated. 

A  circuit  of  country  having  the  radius  of  100  miles  from  the  metropolis  of  the  State  and  its  capital,  Helena,  \\ill 
embrace  most  of  the  finest  agricultural  valleys,  and  these  are  contributary  to  the  growth  of  that  city,  and  are  most 
accessible  to  the  best  mining  portion  of  the  State.  Agriculture,  irrigation  and  immigration  are  inter  dependent.  Pro 
mote  any  one  of  these  and  you  foster  and  extend  both  the  others.  These  conditions  here  afford  ground  for  belief  of 
greatly  increasing  immigration  into  this  State. 


IOC 


STEDMANS   FOUNDRY. 


CATHOLIC    HOSPITAL. 


RESIDENCE  OF   EX-GOV.    MAUSER. 


RESIDENCE    OF    MAYOR    T.    H.    KLEINSCH  Ml  DT. 


rm 

*      '.  \  I.J  J 


RESIDENCE  OF  W.   E.    COX. 


RESIDENCE    OF    GOV.    B.    P  CARPE 


RESIDENCE    OF    GEO.    B.    CHILDS. 


MRS.    W.    C.    CHILD'S    FLAT. 


RESIDENCE    OF    THOMAS   CRUSE. 


RESIDENCE   OF    E.    W.    KNIGHT,    JR. 


RESIDENCE    OF    W.    A.    CHESSMAN 


CHESSMANS   FLATS. 


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o 

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TO 


RESIDENCE   OF    N.   J.    MoCONNELL. 


RESIDENCE  OF  SAMUEL  LANE. 


RESIDENCE  OF   D.  A.    Q.    FLOWERREE 


RESIDENCE    OF   S.    C.    ASHBY. 


RESIDENCE   OF  A.    J.    SELIGMAN. 


BANCROF- 


RESIDENCE  OF  J.    V.   JEROME. 


RtSIDtNCE   UF    MARCUS    E.    DOWNS 


RESIDENCE  OF  C.    W.    CANNON. 


few* 


RESIDENCE   OF    MORRIS   SILVERMAN 


RESIDENCE   OF   FRANCIS    POPE. 


Comparative  Statement  of  Rational  Banks  o?  States  and  Territories. 

•       C  O  M  P  I  I.  E  D     B  V      •        • 

T.   H.    KLEINSCHMIDT,    FOR    THE    HELENA    BOARD   OF    TRADE    FROM    OFFICIAL    REPORT    OF    THE    COMPTROLLER    OF    THE   CURRENCY    FOR   1890. 


MONTANA. 

SOI   IH  DAKOTA 

N.  DAKOTA.. 

ARIZONA. 

OREGON. 

IDAHO. 

WASHINGTON. 

NEW   MEXICO. 

UTAH. 

WYOMING. 

RESOURCES. 

25  National 

Banks. 

39  National 
Banks. 

29  National 
Banks. 

2  National 
Banks. 

37  National 
Banks. 

7  National 
Banks. 

51  National 
Banks. 

9  National 
Banks. 

10  National 
Banks. 

IT  National 
Banks. 

Loans  and  discounts      .        .        .     $14*414,  141  26 
U.  S.  bonds          ....              1,005,25000 
Real  Estate      572,og2  85 
Expense  and  Premium      .        .                183,059  53 
Cash  and  Exchange       .        .        .         4,339,062  89 

$5,482,485  19 
980,750  oo 
492,888  23 

205i733  3° 
1,710,311  84 

$4,342,461  42 
509,000  oo 
582,549  59 
75,5°7  40 
1,669,057  12 

$376,107  01 
37,500  oo 
19,000  oo 
6,489  81 
96,581  oo 

$11,817,15709 
1,276,050  oo 
399,303  33 
'75,285  73 
3,890,526  oo 

$1,306,154  59 
175,  3°°  °° 
86,247  31 
40,524  20 
635,651  28 

$16,407,613  68 
1,335,00000 
886,487  95 
374,901  80 
5,125,184  52 

$2,301,775  37 
427,500  oo 
198,954  03 
60,073  44 
1,360,880  67 

$5,314,983  84 
589,400  oo 

343,131  27 

116,929  26 

1,987,907  63 

$3,238,773  06 
292,500  oo 
125,556  15 

58,322   12 
1,048,724  92 

$20,513,606  53 

$3,872,068  56 

$7,178,635  53 

*535,677  82 

$17,558,322  15 

$2,243,877  38 

$24,129,18795 

$4.349,i83  51 

$3,  343,  352  0° 

S4,763.876  25 

LI  \BILITIES 

Capital  Stock                             , 
Surplus  and  Profits    . 
Circulation      

$3,315,00000 
2,499,591  23 
546,^40  oo 

$2i545iCOO  oo 
821,169  29 
580,120  oo 

$1,998,350  oo 
587,829  47 
457,705  oo 

$150.000  oo 

45.752  89 

33,250  oo 

$2,975,000  oo 
1,915,968  05 
590,130  oo 

$400,000  oo 
222,388  36 
«     92,770  oo 

$5,326,720  oo 

2.136,713  79 
1,065,230  oo 

$975,000  oo 
299,727  67 
248,570  oo 

$2,060,000  oo 
944.434  97 
301,050  oo 

$1,285,000  oo 
339>659  75 
262,345  o° 

Deposits  

14,014,542  76 

4,714,15804 

3,907,991  92 

306,674  93 

11,993,694  74 

1,515,219  02 

I5.57I.331  66 

2,789,083  78 

4,992,99003 

2,823,293  32 

Bills  Payable 

93,500 

12,000 

'      75         4 

1    ' 



Per  capita  of  capital  and  deposits  . 

$20,513,606  53 
150-48 

$3,872,068  56 
24.64 

$7,'78,635  53 
35-59 

*535,677  82 
8.42 

*i7,558,322  15 
54-32 

$2,243,877  38 
25-37 

$24,129,187  95 
65.94 

$4,349,183  5' 
28.05 

$3,343.352  oo 
41.15 

$4,763,876  25 
73-4" 

Population  June  i,  1890  . 

131,760 

327,848 

182,425 

59,691 

312,490 

84,229 

349,5i6 

,44,862 

206,498" 

L..- 
60,589 

125 


RESIDENCE   OF   F.    R.  WALLACE. 


RESIDENCE    OF    HON.    W.    F.    SANDERS. 


B  'fe  i  V 


IDE'S 

Map  of 

5     MONTANA 

Jt1    .,...,   ?'iJ(..l  IJ.Vk 

Compiled  &  drawn  by  Reeder  &.  Helmick          -J.*^. •:..•-,  .;;;'-/\         '      .  :, 

ROC^x'  .  ^i  w\'V'V  ' 


Helena,  Montana. 

Published  by  ARTHUR  W.  IDE. 
No.  20  Bitilev  Block,  Helena,  Montana 

IK  Ale  1891.     | 


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